• HBEFA-based

"The Handbook Emission Factors for Road Transport (HBEFA) provides emission factors for all current vehicle categories (PC, LDV, HDV and motor cycles), each divided into different categories, for a wide variety of traffic situations." (from https://www.hbefa.net/, 30.01.2008). Since version 0.10.2, SUMO is able to simulate vehicular pollutant emissions based on this database application. Though HBEFA contains information about other pollutants, we decided to implement only the following, major ones:

• CO₂
• CO
• HC
• NO_x
• PM_x
• fuel consumption

We have remodeled HBEFA data for the following reasons:

1. The goal was to have an emission model be directly embedded in SUMO, HBEFA is a database application for itself
2. To allow computation of vehicular emissions on a continuous range as the original HBEFA data cover certain speeds only
3. To avoid having the need to deal with all of HBEFA's emission classes

Vehicle Emission Classes#

The original vehicle classes supplied by HBEFA have been clustered. In order to improve the quality, passengers and light delivery vehicles have been clustered independent to heavy duty vehicles. For the first set (passenger and light delivery vehicles), two different sets have been computed, one with 7 classes, one with 14 classes. For the heavy duty vehicles, three sets have been computed, with respectively 3, 6, and 12 classes. Choosing the proper set is not easy - on the one hand, more classes mean a better fit of each of these, on the other hand, the vehicle population mix is more complicated to be generated.

Normal Classes#

The following tables give the emissionClass strings to use in the definition of vehicle types.

Table 1.1 HBEFA heavy duty vehicle types and their clusters in dependence to the class number/cluster

Table 1.2 HBEFA passenger and light delivery vehicle types and their clusters in dependence to the class number/cluster

Special Classes#

The special class zero may be used to specify a vehicle without emissions.

In addition to the these strings, it is also possible to add the code A0 in order to get emission models which ignore vehicle acceleration.

emissionClass="P_A0_7_7"
emissionClass="HDV_A0_3_2"