• Vehicle Type Parameter Defaults
Vehicle Type Parameter Defaults

This page describes the vehicle parameter defaults depending on the vehicle class. If no values are given the values for passenger are used. It uses as default always the values in the first line for each vehicle class. The other values (in the subsections) are just an information (to be used with own vehicle types).

Note

The correct setting may be dependent on the car-following model in use. This is especially true for accel and decel which usually do not denote the maximum values achievable by the vehicle but rather the convenient values. If you use a different model than Krauss you should probably revisit the values.

Please note that personCapacity and mass do usually not include a driver in the tables below. (So a bicycle has a capacity of 1 and this does not mean the children's seat but the driver; and a mass of 10kg obviously does not include the driver.) The only exception here is the default passenger car which has a capacity of 4 while the average car out there has probably rather 5 places. But using all 5 places is probably rather exceptional so the historic default has been kept and it is maybe the better value for taxi scenarios as well. Please also note that the mass in the handbook of a private car usually includes the average driver's weight.

Whether the exclusion is correct or not also depends on the way you set up the simulation. If persons are modelled explicitly it is right, if not, you probably do not care about personCapacity and variable mass anyway, but if you do please revisit your vType settings.

On default emission classes#

Note that with the transition to HBEFA4 there are no more aggregated emission classes like HDV available. That means the default emission class for each vehicle class is usually the most frequent vehicle in the 2022 fleet composition as estimated in the HBEFA. This can vastly understimate real emissions which may be dominated by older vehicles, so if precision is important you are encouraged to use a distribution of vehicle types fitting your modelled vehicle fleet. It is also possible to go back to the HBEFA3 classes.

Please also note that the default emission class for all electric trains is zero and all other trains (and ships) still use the dirtiest diesel emissions of the HBEFA3 model. You are encouraged to model your train (and ship) explicitly if consumption is of interest. This includes adapting parameters like the mass (which means the empty vehicle mass) and loading.

Pedestrians and Two-Wheelers#

vClass example guiShape length
width
height		 mass minGap accel decel emer
gency
Decel		 maxSpeed desired
MaxSpeed		 person
Capacity		 emission
Class		 speed
Dev
pedestrian pedestrian
(C) Pedestrian crossing, Omagh by Kenneth Allen
CC-BY-SA-2.0		 pedestrian
pedestrian		 0.215m(1)
0.478m(1)
1.719m(1)		 70kg 0.25m 1.5m/s2(23) 2m/s2(23) 5m/s2 37.58km/h(41) 5km/h(23) 0 zero 0.1
bicycle bicycle
(C) Daniele Leonzio
CC-BY-SA-4.0		 bicycle
bicycle		 1.6m(17)
0.65m(17)
1.7m(*)		 10kg 0.5m 1.2m/s2(19) 3m/s2(19) 7m/s2 50km/h 20km/h(19) 1 zero 0.1
moped Moped
(C) Max schwalbe
CC-BY-SA-4.0		 moped
Moped		 2.1m(43)
0.8m(43)
1.7m(*)		 80kg 2.5m 1.1m/s2(25) 7m/s2(26) 10m/s2 45km/h(24) - 2 HBEFA4/
Moped_le50cc_Euro-2		 0.1
motorcycle Motorcycle
(C) Thomas Wiersma
CC-BY-SA-4.0		 motorcycle
Motorcycle		 2.2m(28)
0.9m(28)
1.5m(28)		 200kg 2.5m 6m/s2(19) 10m/s2(27) 10m/s2 200km/h(28) - 2 HBEFA4/
MC_4S_gt250cc_preEuro		 0.1
scooter eScooter
(C) Rjcastillo
CC-BY-4.0		 scooter
eScooter		 1.2m(*)
0.5m(*)
1.7m(*)		 10kg(*) 0.5m(39) 1.2m/s2(39) 3m/s2(39) 7m/s2(*) 25km/h(39) 20km/h 1 zero 0.1

Passenger Cars and Light Delivery#

vClass example guiShape length
width
height		 mass minGap accel decel emer
gency
Decel		 maxSpeed desired
MaxSpeed		 person
Capacity		 emission
Class		 speed
Dev
passenger Passenger Car
(C) Vauxford
CC-BY-SA-4.0		 passenger
Passenger Car		 5(29)
1.8m(29)
1.5m(29)		 1500kg 2.5m 2.6m/s2(29) 4.5m/s2(27) 9m/s2 200km/h(29) - 4 HBEFA4/
PC_petrol_Euro-4		 0.1
taxi Taxi
(C) Matti Blume
CC-BY-SA-2.0		 taxi
Taxi		 5(29)
1.8m(29)
1.5m(29)		 1500kg 2.5m 2.6m/s2(29) 4.5m/s2(27) 9m/s2 200km/h(29) - 4 HBEFA4/
PC_petrol_Euro-4		 0.05
evehicle Evehicle
(C) Spsmiler
CC0-1.0		 evehicle
Evehicle		 5(29)
1.8m(29)
1.5m(29)		 1500kg 2.5m 2.6m/s2(29) 4.5m/s2(27) 9m/s2 200km/h(29) - 4 zero 0.1
emergency Emergency
(C) Helitak430
CC-BY-SA-4.0		 emergency
Emergency		 6.5m(37)
2.16m(37)
2.86m(37)		 5000kg 2.5m 2.6m/s2(29) 4.5m/s2(27) 9m/s2 200km/h(29) - 3 HBEFA4/
LCV_diesel_N1-III_Euro-6ab		 0
delivery Delivery
(C) IFCAR
Public Domain		 delivery
Delivery		 6.5m(37)
2.16m(37)
2.86m(37)		 5000kg 2.5m 2.6m/s2(29) 4.5m/s2(27) 9m/s2 200km/h(29) - 3 HBEFA4/
LCV_diesel_N1-III_Euro-6ab		 0.05

The evehicle has been added in a time when electric vehicles still seemed futuristic and is kept for backward compatibility. The intended use is for any kind of new vehicle concept which should be visually distinguishable and is of unknown emission status (hence zero emissions).

All passenger cars share the defaults listed above, the values below are just ideas what alternatives might be appropriate for different models:

vClass example guiShape length
width
height		 person
Capacity
passenger Sedan
(C) Alexander-93
CC-BY-SA-4.0		 passenger/sedan
Sedan		 5
passenger Hatchback
(C) Ladislav "Fredy.00" Šafránek
Public Domain		 passenger/hatchback
Hatchback		 5
passenger Passenger Wagon
(C) OSX
Public Domain		 passenger/wagon
Passenger Wagon		 5
passenger Passenger Van
(C) Kuha455405
CC-BY-SA-3.0		 passenger/van
Passenger Van		 4.7m(16)
1.9m(16)
1.73m(16)		 6

Trucks and Busses#

vClass example guiShape length
width
height		 mass minGap accel decel emer
gency
Decel		 maxSpeed desired
MaxSpeed		 person
Capacity		 emission
Class		 speed
Dev
truck Truck
(C) C-C-Baxter
CC-BY-SA-3.0		 truck
Truck		 7.1m(30)
2.4m(30)
2.4m(30)		 4500kg 2.5m 1.3m/s2(31) 4m/s2(27) 7m/s2 130km/h(35) - 3 HBEFA4/
RT_le7.5t_Euro-VI_A-C		 0.05
trailer Trailer
(C) Dwight Burdette
CC-BY-3.0		 truck/trailer
Trailer		 16.5m(13)
2.55m(13)
4m(13)		 13000kg 2.5m 1m/s2(31) 4m/s2 7m/s2 130km/h(35) - 3 HBEFA4/
TT_AT_gt34-40t_Euro-VI_A-C		 0.05
bus Citybus
(C) Iwouldstay
CC-BY-SA-4.0		 bus
Citybus		 12m(3)
2.5m(3)
3.4m(3)		 12000kg 2.5m 1.2m/s2(18) 4m/s2(27) 7m/s2 85km/h(3) - 85 HBEFA4/
UBus_Std_gt15-18t_Euro-VI_A-C		 0.1
coach Coach
(C) Leshe
CC-BY-SA-4.0		 bus/coach
Coach		 14m(9)
2.6m(9)
4.m(9)		 25000kg 2.5m 2.0m/s2(*) see above see above 100km/h(32) - 70(9) HBEFA4/
Coach_3-Axes_gt18t_Euro-VI_A-C		 0.05

Please note that according to the HBEFA city busses with three axes are more frequent than the shorter ones but in order to keep the other values like length and mass consistent and have a stronger separation from the coaches it has been decided to use the emission class of a smaller bus.

vClass example guiShape length
width
height		 minGap accel person
Capacity
trailer Semitrailer
(C) Mike Mozart
CC-BY-SA-4.0		 truck/semitrailer
Semitrailer		 16.5m(14)
max. 2.55m(13)
max. 4m(13)		 2.5m 1.1m/s2(31) 3
bus Flexible Bus
(C) Kemenymate
CC-BY-SA-4.0		 bus/flexible
Flexible Bus		 17.9m(3)
2.5m(3)
3.0m(3)		 2.5m 1.2m/s2(18) ~150

Rail#

vClass example guiShape length
width
height		 mass minGap accel decel emer
gency
Decel		 maxSpeed desired
MaxSpeed		 person
Capacity		 emission
Class		 speed
Dev
tram Tram
(C) Kurt Rasmussen, custom license		 rail/railcar
Tram		 22m(7)
2.4m(7)
3.2m(7)		 37900kg 2.5m 1.0m/s2(18) 3.0m/s2(27) 7m/s2 80km/h(36) - 120(7*) zero 0
rail_urban S-Bahn
(C) Andreas Lippold
CC-BY-SA-4.0		 rail/railcar
S-Bahn		 3*36.5m(4)
3.0m(4)
3.6m(4)		 59000kg 5m 1.0m/s2(4) 3.0m/s2(27) 7m/s2 100km/h(4) - 3*100 zero 0
rail Rail
(C) Philip Halling
CC-BY-SA-2.0		 rail
Rail		 2*67.5m(11)
2.84m(11)
3.75m(11)		 79500kg(42) 5m 0.25m/s2(34) 1.3m/s2(33) 5m/s2 160km/h(11) - 434(11) HBEFA3/
HDV_D_EU0		 0
rail_electric Rail
(C) Rob Dammers
CC-BY-2.0		 rail
Rail		 8*25m(12)
2.95m(12)
3.89m(12)		 83000kg(42) 5m 0.5m/s2(33) 1.3m/s2(33) 5m/s2 220km/h(12) - 425(12) zero 0
rail_fast ICE
(C) Rob Dammers
CC-BY-2.0		 rail
ICE		 8*25m(12)
2.95m(12)
3.89m(12)		 409000kg 5m 0.5m/s2(33) 1.3m/s2(33) 5m/s2 330km/h(12) - 425(12) zero 0
vClass example guiShape length
width
height		 maxSpeed person
Capacity
rail Cargo Rail
(C) Railcargo
CC-BY-SA-3.0		 rail/cargo
Cargo Rail		 ~750m (19m + x*16m)(5, 6, 8)
~4.4m(6)
~3.0m(6)		 120km/h(5) 1

Other#

vClass example guiShape length
width
height		 mass minGap accel decel emer
gency
Decel		 maxSpeed desired
MaxSpeed		 person
Capacity		 emission
Class		 speed
Dev
ship Ship
(C) Tomasz Sienicki
CC-BY-SA-3.0		 ship
Ship		 17m
4m
4m		 100000kg 2.5 0.1m/s2 0.15m/s2 1m/s2 4.12 (8 Knots) - 4 HBEFA3/
HDV_D_EU0		 0.1
subway Subway
(C) Pudelek (Marcin Szala)
CC-BY-SA-3.0		 subway
Subway		 98.7m(44)
2.65m(44)
3.4m(44)		 141400kg(44) - - - - 80km/h(45) - - - -
aircraft Aircraft
(C) Julian Herzog
CC-BY-4.0		 aircraft
Aircraft		 70.51m(46)
60m(46)
19.33m(46)		 162500kg(46) - - - - 969km/h(46) - 425(46) - -
container Container
(C) IPLManagement
CC-BY-SA-4.0		 container 6.058m(47)
2.43m(47)
2.59m(47)		 2.33t(47) - - - - - - - - -
drone Drone
(C) Zarate123
CC-BY-SA-4.0		 drone
 294mm(48)
373mm(48)
101mm(48)		 249g(48) - - - - 12m/s(48) - - - -
wheelchair Wheelchair
(C) Laboratoires Servier
CC-BY-SA-3.0		 wheelchair 103cm(49)
62cm(49)
90.5cm(49)		 18.4kg(49) - - - - - - - - -
cable_car Cable_car
(C) Wilfredo
CC-BY-SA-3.0		 cable_car - - - - - - 12,5m/s(50) - - - -

Footnotes#