Parking Areas#
Areas for parking outside the road network (either road-side parking or
car parks) can be defined using the <parkingArea> element. This accomplishes the
following purposes:
- arbitrary parking positions and angles can be defined to visualize fishbone or parallel parking
- parking space outside the road network can be limited to a set capacity
- automatic rerouting to an alternative parking area can be triggered whenever a parking area becomes full
Definition#
A road-side parkingArea is defined as in the following:
<parkingArea id="ParkAreaA" lane="a_0" startPos="200" endPos="250" roadsideCapacity="5" angle="45" length="30"/>
Additionally, individual parking spaces can be defined:
<parkingArea id="ParkAreaB" lane="b_0" startPos="240" endPos="260" roadsideCapacity="0" width="5" length="10" angle="30">
<space x="853" y="623"/>
<space x="863" y="618"/>
<space x="873" y="613"/>
<space x="883" y="608"/>
<space x="893" y="603"/>
<space x="848" y="611" width="4" length="8" angle="120"/>
<space x="858" y="606" width="4" length="8" angle="120"/>
<space x="868" y="601" width="4" length="8" angle="120"/>
<space x="878" y="596" width="4" length="8" angle="120"/>
<space x="888" y="591" width="4" length="8" angle="120"/>
</parkingArea>
The total capacity of a parking area is given by the sum of its
roadsideCapacity and the number of its <space> elements.
The parkingArea supports the following attributes:
| Attribute Name | Value Type | Value Range | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| id | string | id | The name of the parking area; must be unique | |
| lane | string | valid lane id | The name of the lane the parking area shall be located at | |
| startPos | float | -lane.length < x < lane.length (negative values count backwards from the end of the lane) | 0 | The begin position on the lane (the lower position on the lane) in meters |
| endPos | float | -lane.length < x < lane.length (negative values count backwards from the end of the lane) | lane.length | The end position on the lane (the higher position on the lane) in meters, must be larger than startPos by more than 0.1m |
| friendlyPos | bool | true,false | false | whether invalid stop positions should be corrected automatically (default false) |
| name | string | simple String | Arbitrary text to describe the parking area. This is only used for visualization purposes. | |
| roadsideCapacity | int | non-negative | 1 (if no parking space is defined, else 0) | The number of parking spaces for road-side parking |
| onRoad | bool | false | Whether vehicles remain on the road while parking. Note: If set to true, only roadsideCapacity is used and no <space>-definitions are permitted. |
|
| width | float | positive | 3.2 | The width of the road-side parking spaces |
| length | float | positive | (endPos - startPos) / roadsideCapacity | The length of the road-side parking spaces |
| angle | float (degree) | 0 | The angle of the road-side parking spaces relative to the lane angle, positive means clockwise | |
| lefthand | bool | false | Whether road-side parking spaces should be drawn on the left side of the lane | |
| acceptedBadges | string list | The set of keywords which give access to the parking area (an empty value means free access to all) |
Custom parking spaces#
The space element supports the following attributes:
| Attribute Name | Value Type | Value Range | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| x | float | The x-position in meters of the parking vehicle | ||
| y | float | The y-position in meters of the parking vehicle | ||
| z | float | 0 | The z-position in meters of the parking vehicle | |
| width | float | width value of the parent parking area | The width of the parking space | |
| length | float | length value of the parent parking area | The length of the parking space | |
| angle | float (degree) | absolute angle of the parent parking area (lane angle + angle attribute) | Absolute angle of the parking space | |
| slope | float (degree) | 0 | Slope angle of the parking space |
Caution
Please note that parking areas must be added to a config via the --additional-files parameter (see additional-file).
Letting Vehicles stop at a parking area#
To declare a vehicle that stops at a parkingPlace, a <stop>-definition must
be part of the vehicle or its route:
<vehicle id="0" depart="0">
<route edges="e1 e2 e3"/>
<stop parkingArea="pa0" duration="20"/>
</vehicle>
What is defined here is a vehicle named "0" that stops as at parkingArea "pa0". Note, that the lane of that parking area must belong to one of the edges "e1, e2, e3" of the vehicles route.
For a complete list of attributes for the "stop"-element of a vehicle see Definition_of_Vehicles,_Vehicle_Types,_and_Routes#Stops.
Modelling Maneuvering Times when Entering and Leaving the Parking Space#
When setting the (boolean) option --parking.maneuver, vehicles will spend extra time on the road when leaving and entering a parkingArea. This time depends on the angle of the parking lot relative to the road lane and can be configured with the vType attribute maneuverAngleTimes. This is a comma-separated list of number-triplets of the form ANGLE ENTERINGTIME LEAVINGTIME:
<vType id="example" maneuverAngleTimes="10 3.0 4.0,80 1.6 11.0,110 11.0 2.0,170 8.1 3.0,181 3.0 4.0"/>
The value corresponding to the closest angle is used. The value of maneuverAngleTimes is initialized to a vClass-specific value:
- default:
maneuverAngleTimes="10 3 4,80 1 11,110 11 2,170 8 3,181 3 4" - truck, trailer, coach, delivery: all times doubled compared to default
- bicycle, moped:
maneuverAngleTimes="181 1 1"
Rerouting when the current parkingArea is full#
If a vehicle reaches a parkingArea that is filled to capacity it must wait on the road until a space becomes available or reroute to a new parking area.
Restricting the access to the parking area#
In the real world, the access to parkings may be restricted to different kinds of users, such as residents, customers or employees. As these access rights may vary a lot depending on the location, they are modeled using a separate permission system from the vehicle classes. The access to the parking area can be restricted in the following way:
- The parking area defines a set of accepted badges (keywords) which model single access rights in the attribute acceptedBadges, e.g.
acceptedBadges="clients_supermarket employees_supermarket" - The vehicles or vehicle types define the set of owned badges which give them access, e.g.
parkingBadges="employees_supermarket home_johndoe" - Any parking area which is not restricted (empty acceptedBadges attribute) or where at least one of the accepted badges is present in the vehicle or vehicle type definition can be accessed
Caution
Parking badges defined in the vehicle definition override vehicle type settings.
Importing / Generating Parking Areas#
The following tools exist to obtain parking area definitions
- generateParkingAreas.py: probabilistic generation for a whole network
- generateParkingLots.py: generate space definitions to fill up a given shape
- netedit: define parking areas visually
- netconvert --parking-output: imports roadside parking areas from OSM
- SAGA generateParkingAreasFromOSM.py: imports all kinds of parking areas from OSM
TraCI#
Some information regarding parking areas can be accessed directly using traci.simulation.getParameter() calls.
- parkingArea.capacity: total number of parking spaces
(roadsideCapacity + number of
<space>elements) - parkingArea.occupancy: number of vehicles parking at this parking area