@Article{ChenEtAl2023,
	author = {Li Chen and Peng Wu and Kashyap Chitta and Bernhard Jaeger and Andreas Geiger and Hongyang Li},
	year = {2023},
	title = {End-to-End Autonomous Driving: Challenges and Frontiers},
	journal = {IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence},
	pages = {10164-10183},
	volume = {46},
	DOI = {10.1109/TPAMI.2024.3435937}
}


Copy

@Article{FengEtAl2023,
	author = {Shuo Feng and Haowei Sun and Xintao Yan and H. Zhu and Zhengxia Zou and Shengyin Shen and Henry X. Liu},
	year = {2023},
	title = {Dense reinforcement learning for safety validation of autonomous vehicles},
	journal = {Nature},
	pages = {620-627},
	volume = {615},
	DOI = {10.1038/s41586-023-05732-2}
}


Copy

@Article{ChenAndKrahenbuhl2022,
	author = {Dian Chen and Philipp Krähenbühl},
	year = {2022},
	title = {Learning from All Vehicles},
	journal = {Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition},
	pages = {17201-17210},
	DOI = {10.1109/CVPR52688.2022.01671}
}


Copy

@Article{DingEtAl2022,
	author = {Wenhao Ding and Chejian Xu and Mansur Arief and Hao-ming Lin and Bo Li and Ding Zhao},
	year = {2022},
	title = {A Survey on Safety-Critical Driving Scenario Generation—A Methodological Perspective},
	journal = {IEEE transactions on intelligent transportation systems (Print)},
	pages = {6971-6988},
	volume = {24},
	DOI = {10.1109/TITS.2023.3259322}
}


Copy

@Article{HuEtAl2022,
	author = {Yue Hu and Shaoheng Fang and Zixing Lei and Yiqi Zhong and Siheng Chen},
	year = {2022},
	title = {Where2comm: Communication-Efficient Collaborative Perception via Spatial Confidence Maps},
	journal = {Neural Information Processing Systems},
	volume = {abs/2209.12836},
	DOI = {10.48550/arXiv.2209.12836}
}


Copy

@Article{LiEtAl2022,
	author = {Yiming Li and Dekun Ma and Ziyan An and Zixun Wang and Yiqi Zhong and Siheng Chen and Chen Feng},
	year = {2022},
	title = {V2X-Sim: Multi-Agent Collaborative Perception Dataset and Benchmark for Autonomous Driving},
	journal = {IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters},
	pages = {10914-10921},
	volume = {7},
	DOI = {10.1109/LRA.2022.3192802}
}


Copy

@Article{ZhongEtAl2022,
	author = {Ziyuan Zhong and Davis Rempe and Danfei Xu and Yuxiao Chen and Sushant Veer and Tong Che and Baishakhi Ray and M. Pavone},
	year = {2022},
	title = {Guided Conditional Diffusion for Controllable Traffic Simulation},
	journal = {IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation},
	pages = {3560-3566},
	DOI = {10.1109/ICRA48891.2023.10161463}
}


Copy

@Article{CaneseEtAl2021,
	author = {L. Canese and G. Cardarilli and L. Di Nunzio and R. Fazzolari and D. Giardino and M. Re and S. Spanò},
	year = {2021},
	title = {Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning: A Review of Challenges and Applications},
	journal = {Applied Sciences},
	pages = {4948},
	volume = {11},
	DOI = {10.3390/APP11114948}
}


Copy

@Article{ChenEtAl2021,
	author = {Sikai Chen and Jiqian Dong and P. Ha and Yujie Li and S. Labi},
	year = {2021},
	title = {Graph neural network and reinforcement learning for multi‐agent cooperative control of connected autonomous vehicles},
	journal = {Comput. Aided Civ. Infrastructure Eng.},
	pages = {838 - 857},
	volume = {36},
	DOI = {10.1111/mice.12702}
}


Copy

@Article{LiEtAl2021,
	author = {Quanyi Li and Zhenghao Peng and Zhenghai Xue and Qihang Zhang and Bolei Zhou},
	year = {2021},
	title = {MetaDrive: Composing Diverse Driving Scenarios for Generalizable Reinforcement Learning},
	journal = {IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence},
	pages = {3461-3475},
	volume = {45},
	DOI = {10.1109/TPAMI.2022.3190471}
}


Copy

@Article{RempeEtAl2021,
	author = {Davis Rempe and Jonah Philion and L. Guibas and S. Fidler and O. Litany},
	year = {2021},
	title = {Generating Useful Accident-Prone Driving Scenarios via a Learned Traffic Prior},
	journal = {Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition},
	pages = {17284-17294},
	DOI = {10.1109/CVPR52688.2022.01679}
}


Copy

@Article{SuoEtAl2021,
	author = {Simon Suo and S. Regalado and S. Casas and R. Urtasun},
	year = {2021},
	title = {TrafficSim: Learning to Simulate Realistic Multi-Agent Behaviors},
	journal = {Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition},
	pages = {10395-10404},
	DOI = {10.1109/CVPR46437.2021.01026}
}


Copy

@Article{WhiteEtAl2021,
	author = {Gary White and A. Zink and Lara Codecà and Siobhán Clarke},
	year = {2021},
	title = {A digital twin smart city for citizen feedback},
	journal = {},
	pages = {103064},
	volume = {110},
	DOI = {10.1016/J.CITIES.2020.103064}
}


Copy

@Article{YuanAndLi2021,
	author = {Haitao Yuan and Guoliang Li},
	year = {2021},
	title = {A Survey of Traffic Prediction: from Spatio-Temporal Data to Intelligent Transportation},
	journal = {Data Science and Engineering},
	pages = {63 - 85},
	volume = {6},
	DOI = {10.1007/s41019-020-00151-z}
}


Copy

@Article{Aradi2020,
	author = {S. Aradi},
	year = {2020},
	title = {Survey of Deep Reinforcement Learning for Motion Planning of Autonomous Vehicles},
	journal = {IEEE transactions on intelligent transportation systems (Print)},
	pages = {740-759},
	volume = {23},
	DOI = {10.1109/tits.2020.3024655}
}


Copy

@Article{ChenEtAl2020,
	author = {Chaoyi Chen and Jiawei Wang and Qing Xu and Jianqiang Wang and Keqiang Li},
	year = {2020},
	title = {Mixed platoon control of automated and human-driven vehicles at a signalized intersection: dynamical analysis and optimal control},
	journal = {Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies},
	volume = {abs/2010.16105},
	DOI = {10.1016/J.TRC.2021.103138}
}


Copy

@Article{GhafoorEtAl2020,
	author = {Kayhan Zrar Ghafoor and L. Kong and S. Zeadally and A. Sadiq and Gregory Epiphaniou and M. Hammoudeh and A. Bashir and S. Mumtaz},
	year = {2020},
	title = {Millimeter-Wave Communication for Internet of Vehicles: Status, Challenges, and Perspectives},
	journal = {IEEE Internet of Things Journal},
	pages = {8525-8546},
	volume = {7},
	DOI = {10.1109/JIOT.2020.2992449}
}


Copy

@Article{KamelEtAl2020,
	author = {Joseph Kamel and Michael Wolf and R. V. D. Heijden and Arnaud Kaiser and P. Urien and F. Kargl},
	year = {2020},
	title = {VeReMi Extension: A Dataset for Comparable Evaluation of Misbehavior Detection in VANETs},
	journal = {ICC 2020 - 2020 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC)},
	pages = {1-6},
	DOI = {10.1109/ICC40277.2020.9149132}
}


Copy

@Article{KiranEtAl2020,
	author = {B. R. Kiran and Ibrahim Sobh and V. Talpaert and P. Mannion and A. A. Sallab and S. Yogamani and P. P'erez},
	year = {2020},
	title = {Deep Reinforcement Learning for Autonomous Driving: A Survey},
	journal = {IEEE transactions on intelligent transportation systems (Print)},
	pages = {4909-4926},
	volume = {23},
	DOI = {10.1109/TITS.2021.3054625}
}


Copy

@Article{TanEtAl2020,
	author = {Tian Tan and Feng Bao and Yue Deng and Alex Jin and Qionghai Dai and Jie Wang},
	year = {2020},
	title = {Cooperative Deep Reinforcement Learning for Large-Scale Traffic Grid Signal Control},
	journal = {IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics},
	pages = {2687-2700},
	volume = {50},
	DOI = {10.1109/TCYB.2019.2904742}
}


Copy

@Article{VeresAndMoussa2020,
	author = {M. Veres and M. Moussa},
	year = {2020},
	title = {Deep Learning for Intelligent Transportation Systems: A Survey of Emerging Trends},
	journal = {IEEE transactions on intelligent transportation systems (Print)},
	pages = {3152-3168},
	volume = {21},
	DOI = {10.1109/TITS.2019.2929020}
}


Copy

@Article{WuEtAl2020,
	author = {Wufei Wu and Renfa Li and Guoqi Xie and Ji-yao An and Yang Bai and Jia Zhou and Keqin Li},
	year = {2020},
	title = {A Survey of Intrusion Detection for In-Vehicle Networks},
	journal = {IEEE transactions on intelligent transportation systems (Print)},
	pages = {919-933},
	volume = {21},
	DOI = {10.1109/TITS.2019.2908074}
}


Copy

@Article{XieEtAl2020,
	author = {Yunkun Xie and Yangyang Li and Zhichao Zhao and Hao Dong and Shuqian Wang and Jing-ping Liu and Guan Jinhuan and Xiongbo Duan},
	year = {2020},
	title = {Microsimulation of electric vehicle energy consumption and driving range},
	journal = {},
	pages = {115081},
	volume = {267},
	DOI = {10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.115081}
}


Copy

@Article{ChuEtAl2019,
	author = {Tianshu Chu and Jie Wang and Lara Codecà and Zhaojian Li},
	year = {2019},
	title = {Multi-Agent Deep Reinforcement Learning for Large-Scale Traffic Signal Control},
	journal = {IEEE transactions on intelligent transportation systems (Print)},
	pages = {1086-1095},
	volume = {21},
	DOI = {10.1109/TITS.2019.2901791}
}


Copy

@Article{KlautauEtAl2019,
	author = {A. Klautau and N. González-Prelcic and R. Heath},
	year = {2019},
	title = {LIDAR Data for Deep Learning-Based mmWave Beam-Selection},
	journal = {IEEE Wireless Communications Letters},
	pages = {909-912},
	volume = {8},
	DOI = {10.1109/LWC.2019.2899571}
}


Copy

@Article{LuEtAl2019,
	author = {Q. Lu and T. Tettamanti and Dániel Hörcher and I. Varga},
	year = {2019},
	title = {The impact of autonomous vehicles on urban traffic network capacity: an experimental analysis by microscopic traffic simulation},
	journal = {Transportation letters},
	pages = {540 - 549},
	volume = {12},
	DOI = {10.1080/19427867.2019.1662561}
}


Copy

@Article{LuEtAl2019_0,
	author = {Zhaojun Lu and G. Qu and Zhenglin Liu},
	year = {2019},
	title = {A Survey on Recent Advances in Vehicular Network Security, Trust, and Privacy},
	journal = {IEEE transactions on intelligent transportation systems (Print)},
	pages = {760-776},
	volume = {20},
	DOI = {10.1109/TITS.2018.2818888}
}


Copy

@Article{MillardBall2019,
	author = {A. Millard‐Ball},
	year = {2019},
	title = {The autonomous vehicle parking problem},
	journal = {Transport Policy},
	DOI = {10.1016/J.TRANPOL.2019.01.003}
}


Copy

@Article{NamaziEtAl2019,
	author = {Elnaz Namazi and Jingyue Li and Chaoru Lu},
	year = {2019},
	title = {Intelligent Intersection Management Systems Considering Autonomous Vehicles: A Systematic Literature Review},
	journal = {IEEE Access},
	pages = {91946-91965},
	volume = {7},
	DOI = {10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2927412}
}


Copy

@Article{SewalkarAndSeitz2019,
	author = {Parag Sewalkar and J. Seitz},
	year = {2019},
	title = {Vehicle-to-Pedestrian Communication for Vulnerable Road Users: Survey, Design Considerations, and Challenges},
	journal = {Italian National Conference on Sensors},
	volume = {19},
	DOI = {10.3390/s19020358}
}


Copy

@Article{SheikhAndLiang2019,
	author = {Muhammad Sameer Sheikh and Jun Liang},
	year = {2019},
	title = {A Comprehensive Survey on VANET Security Services in Traffic Management System},
	journal = {Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing},
	pages = {2423915:1-2423915:23},
	volume = {2019},
	DOI = {10.1155/2019/2423915}
}


Copy

@Article{SheikhEtAl2019,
	author = {Muhammad Sameer Sheikh and Jun Liang and Wensong Wang},
	year = {2019},
	title = {A Survey of Security Services, Attacks, and Applications for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)},
	journal = {Italian National Conference on Sensors},
	volume = {19},
	DOI = {10.3390/s19163589}
}


Copy

@Article{WangEtAl2019,
	author = {Y. Wang and Dongxiang Zhang and Y. Liu and Bo Dai and L. Lee},
	year = {2019},
	title = {Enhancing transportation systems via deep learning: A survey},
	journal = {Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies},
	DOI = {10.1016/J.TRC.2018.12.004}
}


Copy

@Article{ZhangEtAl2019,
	author = {Huichu Zhang and Siyuan Feng and Chang Liu and Yaoyao Ding and Yichen Zhu and Zihan Zhou and Weinan Zhang and Yong Yu and Haiming Jin and Z. Li},
	year = {2019},
	title = {CityFlow: A Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning Environment for Large Scale City Traffic Scenario},
	journal = {The Web Conference},
	DOI = {10.1145/3308558.3314139}
}


Copy

@Article{ZhuEtAl2019,
	author = {Chao Zhu and Jin Tao and Giancarlo Pastor and Yu Xiao and Yusheng Ji and Quan Zhou and Yong Li and Antti Ylä-Jääski},
	year = {2019},
	title = {Folo: Latency and Quality Optimized Task Allocation in Vehicular Fog Computing},
	journal = {IEEE Internet of Things Journal},
	pages = {4150-4161},
	volume = {6},
	DOI = {10.1109/JIOT.2018.2875520}
}


Copy

@Article{AissiouiEtAl2018,
	author = {Abdelkader Aissioui and A. Ksentini and A. Guéroui and T. Taleb},
	year = {2018},
	title = {On Enabling 5G Automotive Systems Using Follow Me Edge-Cloud Concept},
	journal = {IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology},
	pages = {5302-5316},
	volume = {67},
	DOI = {10.1109/TVT.2018.2805369}
}


Copy

@Article{IseleAndCosgun2018,
	author = {David Isele and Akansel Cosgun},
	year = {2018},
	title = {Selective Experience Replay for Lifelong Learning},
	journal = {AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
	volume = {abs/1802.10269},
	DOI = {10.1609/aaai.v32i1.11595}
}


Copy

@Article{KlautauEtAl2018,
	author = {A. Klautau and Pedro Batista and N. G. Prelcic and Yuyang Wang and R. Heath},
	year = {2018},
	title = {5G MIMO Data for Machine Learning: Application to Beam-Selection Using Deep Learning},
	journal = {Information Theory and Applications Workshop},
	pages = {1-9},
	DOI = {10.1109/ITA.2018.8503086}
}


Copy

@Article{KreidiehEtAl2018,
	author = {Abdul Rahman Kreidieh and Cathy Wu and A. Bayen},
	year = {2018},
	title = {Dissipating stop-and-go waves in closed and open networks via deep reinforcement learning},
	journal = {International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems},
	pages = {1475-1480},
	DOI = {10.1109/ITSC.2018.8569485}
}


Copy

@Article{LiangEtAl2018,
	author = {Xiaoyuan Liang and Xunsheng Du and Guiling Wang and Zhu Han},
	year = {2018},
	title = {A Deep Reinforcement Learning Network for Traffic Light Cycle Control},
	journal = {IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology},
	pages = {1243-1253},
	volume = {68},
	DOI = {10.1109/TVT.2018.2890726}
}


Copy

@Article{LopezEtAl2018,
	author = {Pablo Álvarez López and M. Behrisch and Laura Bieker-Walz and J. Erdmann and Y. Flötteröd and Robert Hilbrich and L. Lücken and Johannes Rummel and P. Wagner and Evamarie WieBner},
	year = {2018},
	title = {Microscopic Traffic Simulation using SUMO},
	journal = {International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems},
	pages = {2575-2582},
	DOI = {10.1109/ITSC.2018.8569938}
}


Copy

@Article{TaillandierEtAl2018,
	author = {P. Taillandier and B. Gaudou and A. Grignard and Quang-Nghi Huynh and N. Marilleau and Philippe Caillou and Damien Philippon and A. Drogoul},
	year = {2018},
	title = {Building, composing and experimenting complex spatial models with the GAMA platform},
	journal = {GeoInformatica},
	pages = {299-322},
	volume = {23},
	DOI = {10.1007/s10707-018-00339-6}
}


Copy

@Article{TanakaEtAl2018,
	author = {Hiroyuki Tanaka and Masahiro Yoshida and Koya Mori and N. Takahashi},
	year = {2018},
	title = {Multi-access Edge Computing: A Survey},
	journal = {Journal of Information Processing},
	pages = {87-97},
	volume = {26},
	DOI = {10.2197/IPSJJIP.26.87}
}


Copy

@Article{AminiEtAl2017,
	author = {S. Amini and I. Gerostathopoulos and C. Prehofer},
	year = {2017},
	title = {Big data analytics architecture for real-time traffic control},
	journal = {International Conference on Models and Technologies for Intelligent Transportation Systems},
	pages = {710-715},
	DOI = {10.1109/MTITS.2017.8005605}
}


Copy

@Article{DAndreaAndMarcelloni2017,
	author = {Eleonora D'Andrea and F. Marcelloni},
	year = {2017},
	title = {Detection of traffic congestion and incidents from GPS trace analysis},
	journal = {Expert systems with applications},
	pages = {43-56},
	volume = {73},
	DOI = {10.1016/j.eswa.2016.12.018}
}


Copy

@Article{FengEtAl2017,
	author = {Jingyun Feng and Zhi Liu and Celimuge Wu and Yusheng Ji},
	year = {2017},
	title = {AVE: Autonomous Vehicular Edge Computing Framework with ACO-Based Scheduling},
	journal = {IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology},
	pages = {10660-10675},
	volume = {66},
	DOI = {10.1109/TVT.2017.2714704}
}


Copy

@Article{GeAndOrosz2017,
	author = {Jin I. Ge and G. Orosz},
	year = {2017},
	title = {Optimal Control of Connected Vehicle Systems With Communication Delay and Driver Reaction Time},
	journal = {IEEE transactions on intelligent transportation systems (Print)},
	pages = {2056-2070},
	volume = {18},
	DOI = {10.1109/TITS.2016.2633164}
}


Copy

@Article{HuangEtAl2017,
	author = {Cheng Huang and Rongxing Lu and Kim-Kwang Raymond Choo},
	year = {2017},
	title = {Vehicular Fog Computing: Architecture, Use Case, and Security and Forensic Challenges},
	journal = {IEEE Communications Magazine},
	pages = {105-111},
	volume = {55},
	DOI = {10.1109/MCOM.2017.1700322}
}


Copy

@Article{RenEtAl2017,
	author = {Mengying Ren and L. Khoukhi and H. Labiod and Jun Zhang and V. Vèque},
	year = {2017},
	title = {A mobility-based scheme for dynamic clustering in vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs)},
	journal = {Vehicular Communications},
	pages = {233-241},
	volume = {9},
	DOI = {10.1016/j.vehcom.2016.12.003}
}


Copy

@Article{SoattiEtAl2017,
	author = {Gloria Soatti and M. Nicoli and Nil Garcia and B. Denis and R. Raulefs and H. Wymeersch},
	year = {2017},
	title = {Implicit Cooperative Positioning in Vehicular Networks},
	journal = {IEEE transactions on intelligent transportation systems (Print)},
	pages = {3964-3980},
	volume = {19},
	DOI = {10.1109/TITS.2018.2794405}
}


Copy

@Article{WuEtAl2017,
	author = {Cathy Wu and Abdul Rahman Kreidieh and Kanaad Parvate and Eugene Vinitsky and A. Bayen},
	year = {2017},
	title = {Flow: A Modular Learning Framework for Mixed Autonomy Traffic},
	journal = {IEEE Transactions on robotics},
	pages = {1270-1286},
	volume = {38},
	DOI = {10.1109/TRO.2021.3087314}
}


Copy

@Article{GueriauEtAl2016,
	author = {Maxime Guériau and Romain Billot and Nour-Eddin El Faouzi and Julien Monteil and Frederic Armetta and S. Hassas},
	year = {2016},
	title = {How to assess the benefits of connected vehicles? A simulation framework for the design of cooperative traffic management strategies},
	journal = {},
	pages = {266-279},
	volume = {67},
	DOI = {10.1016/J.TRC.2016.01.020}
}


Copy

@Article{LiEtAl2016,
	author = {He Li and M. Dong and K. Ota},
	year = {2016},
	title = {Control Plane Optimization in Software-Defined Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks},
	journal = {IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology},
	pages = {7895-7904},
	volume = {65},
	DOI = {10.1109/TVT.2016.2563164}
}


Copy

@Article{MaciejewskiEtAl2016,
	author = {M. Maciejewski and Joschka Bischoff and K. Nagel},
	year = {2016},
	title = {An Assignment-Based Approach to Efficient Real-Time City-Scale Taxi Dispatching},
	journal = {IEEE Intelligent Systems},
	pages = {68-77},
	volume = {31},
	DOI = {10.1109/MIS.2016.2}
}


Copy

@Article{MannionEtAl2016,
	author = {P. Mannion and J. Duggan and E. Howley},
	year = {2016},
	title = {An Experimental Review of Reinforcement Learning Algorithms for Adaptive Traffic Signal Control},
	journal = {Autonomic Road Transport Support Systems},
	pages = {47-66},
	DOI = {10.1007/978-3-319-25808-9_4}
}


Copy

@Article{TalebpourEtAl2016,
	author = {Alireza Talebpour and H. Mahmassani and F. Bustamante},
	year = {2016},
	title = {Modeling Driver Behavior in a Connected Environment: Integrated Microscopic Simulation of Traffic and Mobile Wireless Telecommunication Systems},
	journal = {},
	pages = {75 - 86},
	volume = {2560},
	DOI = {10.3141/2560-09}
}


Copy

@Article{VaEtAl2016,
	author = {Vutha Va and Takayuki Shimizu and G. Bansal and R. Heath},
	year = {2016},
	title = {Millimeter Wave Vehicular Communications: A Survey},
	journal = {Foundations and Trends® in Networking},
	volume = {10},
	DOI = {10.1561/1300000054}
}


Copy

@Article{WangEtAl2016,
	author = {Shen Wang and S. Djahel and Zonghua Zhang and Jennifer McManis},
	year = {2016},
	title = {Next Road Rerouting: A Multiagent System for Mitigating Unexpected Urban Traffic Congestion},
	journal = {IEEE transactions on intelligent transportation systems (Print)},
	pages = {2888-2899},
	volume = {17},
	DOI = {10.1109/TITS.2016.2531425}
}


Copy

@Article{AhmedEtAl2015,
	author = {Syed Hassan Ahmed and S. Bouk and Dongkyun Kim},
	year = {2015},
	title = {RUFS: RobUst Forwarder Selection in Vehicular Content-Centric Networks},
	journal = {IEEE Communications Letters},
	pages = {1616-1619},
	volume = {19},
	DOI = {10.1109/LCOMM.2015.2451647}
}


Copy

@Article{BiekerEtAl2015,
	author = {Laura Bieker and Daniel Krajzewicz and A. Morra and Carlo Michelacci and F. Cartolano},
	year = {2015},
	title = {Traffic Simulation for All: A Real World Traffic Scenario from the City of Bologna},
	journal = {},
	pages = {47-60},
	volume = {},
	DOI = {10.1007/978-3-319-15024-6_4}
}


Copy

@Article{CodecaEtAl2015,
	author = {Lara Codecà and Raphaël Frank and T. Engel},
	year = {2015},
	title = {Luxembourg SUMO Traffic (LuST) Scenario: 24 hours of mobility for vehicular networking research},
	journal = {IEEE Vehicular Networking Conference},
	pages = {1-8},
	DOI = {10.1109/VNC.2015.7385539}
}


Copy

@Article{DarwishAndBakar2015,
	author = {Tasneem S. J. Darwish and K. A. Bakar},
	year = {2015},
	title = {Traffic density estimation in vehicular ad hoc networks: A review},
	journal = {Ad hoc networks},
	pages = {337-351},
	volume = {24},
	DOI = {10.1016/j.adhoc.2014.09.007}
}


Copy

@Article{GrassiEtAl2015,
	author = {Giulio Grassi and Davide Pesavento and G. Pau and Lixia Zhang and S. Fdida},
	year = {2015},
	title = {Navigo: Interest forwarding by geolocations in vehicular Named Data Networking},
	journal = {IEEE International Symposium on a World of Wireless, Mobile and Multimedia Networks},
	pages = {1-10},
	DOI = {10.1109/WoWMoM.2015.7158165}
}


Copy

@Article{RieblEtAl2015,
	author = {R. Riebl and H. Gunther and Christian Facchi and L. Wolf},
	year = {2015},
	title = {Artery: Extending Veins for VANET applications},
	journal = {International Conference on Models and Technologies for Intelligent Transportation Systems},
	pages = {450-456},
	DOI = {10.1109/MTITS.2015.7223293}
}


Copy

@Article{SainiEtAl2015,
	author = {M. Saini and Abdulhameed Alelaiwi and Abdulmotaleb El Saddik},
	year = {2015},
	title = {How Close are We to Realizing a Pragmatic VANET Solution? A Meta-Survey},
	journal = {ACM Computing Surveys},
	pages = {1 - 40},
	volume = {48},
	DOI = {10.1145/2817552}
}


Copy

@Article{GrassiEtAl2014,
	author = {Giulio Grassi and Davide Pesavento and G. Pau and Rama Vuyyuru and R. Wakikawa and Lixia Zhang},
	year = {2014},
	title = {VANET via Named Data Networking},
	journal = {Conference on Computer Communications Workshops},
	pages = {410-415},
	DOI = {10.1109/INFCOMW.2014.6849267}
}


Copy

@Article{MirAndFilali2014,
	author = {Z. H. Mir and F. Filali},
	year = {2014},
	title = {LTE and IEEE 802.11p for vehicular networking: a performance evaluation},
	journal = {EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking},
	pages = {1-15},
	volume = {2014},
	DOI = {10.1186/1687-1499-2014-89}
}


Copy

@inproceedings{dlr65966,
	author = {Gunnar Fl{\"o}tter{\"o}d and Yun-Pang Fl{\"o}tter{\"o}d},
	booktitle = {Transportation Research Board 92nd Annaul Meeting},
	title = {A method to resolve non-unique flows in deterministic macroscopic intersection models},
	year = {2013},
	abstract = {The modeling of complex urban road intersections with deterministic
	macroscopic models of traffic flow is known to suffer from non-unique
	solutions. This article proposes a new method to deal with this problem.},
	groups = {pollution},
	keywords = {deterministic macroscopic traffic model, traffic simulation},
	owner = {dkrajzew},
	timestamp = {2014.01.08},
	url = {http://elib.dlr.de/65966/}
}


Copy

The modeling of complex urban road intersections with deterministic macroscopic models of traffic flow is known to suffer from non-unique solutions. This article proposes a new method to deal with this problem.

@techreport{Furian2013,
	author = {Furian, Nikolaus and Hausberger, Stefan and Krajzewicz, Daniel},
	institution = {COLOMBO consortium},
	title = {Extended Simulation Tool PHEM coupled to SUMO with User Guide (Draft)},
	year = {2013},
	month = {October},
	type = {Deliverable to the European Commission},
	groups = {iTETRIS},
	owner = {dkrajzew},
	timestamp = {2014.01.08}
}


Copy

@inproceedings{dlr81834,
	author = {Daniel Krajzewicz and Yun-Pang Fl{\"o}tter{\"o}d},
	booktitle = {Kolloquium "Luftqualit{\"a}t an Stra{\ss}en 2013"},
	title = {Simulative Untersuchung abstrakter und realer Verkehrsmanagementans{\"a}tze zur Emissionsreduktion},
	year = {2013},
	month = {M{\"a}rz},
	pages = {42--57},
	publisher = {Bundesanstalt f{\"u}r Stra{\ss}enwesen},
	abstract = {Verkehrsflusssimulationen sind ein etabliertes Werkzeug des Verkehrsmanagements,
	die auch zur Bewertung von schadstoffreduzierenden Verkehrsmanagementma{\ss}nahmen
	herangezogen werden k{\"o}nnen. Vorgestellt werden abgeschlossene
	und laufende Arbeiten zur simulationsgest{\"u}tzten Entwicklung und
	Bewertung solcher Ma{\ss}nahmen.},
	groups = {pollution},
	journal = {Kolloquium Luftqualit{\"a}t an Stra{\ss}en 2013},
	keywords = {Simulation, Schadstoffemission, Verkehrsmanagementma{\ss}nahmen},
	owner = {dkrajzew},
	timestamp = {2014.01.08},
	url = {http://elib.dlr.de/81834/}
}


Copy

Verkehrsflusssimulationen sind ein etabliertes Werkzeug des Verkehrsmanagements, die auch zur Bewertung von schadstoffreduzierenden Verkehrsmanagementmaßnahmen herangezogen werden können. Vorgestellt werden abgeschlossene und laufende Arbeiten zur simulationsgestützten Entwicklung und Bewertung solcher Maßnahmen.

@mastersthesis{Verges2013,
	author = {Verg�s, Josep Tom�s},
	school = {TU Berlin},
	title = {Analysis and simulation of traffic management actions for traffic emission reduction},
	year = {2013},
	month = {July},
	type = {Master Thesis},
	groups = {pollution},
	owner = {dkrajzew},
	timestamp = {2014.01.08}
}


Copy

@Article{GregoireEtAl2013,
	author = {Jean Gregoire and Xiangjun Qian and Emilio Frazzoli and A. D. L. Fortelle and T. Wongpiromsarn},
	year = {2013},
	title = {Capacity-Aware Backpressure Traffic Signal Control},
	journal = {IEEE Transactions on Control of Network Systems},
	pages = {164-173},
	volume = {2},
	DOI = {10.1109/TCNS.2014.2378871}
}


Copy

@unpublished{dlr76186,
	author = {Michael Behrisch and Yun-Pang Fl\"otter\"od and Daniel Krajzewicz and Peter Wagner},
	note = {Der Eintrag wurde auf der DTA 2012 vorgestellt.},
	title = {Ecological User Equilibrium in Traffic Management (TM)?},
	month = {Februar},
	year = {2012},
	abstract = {With increasing environmental sustainability awareness significant
	attention on ecological traffic management (eco-TM) has come into
	the focus of researchers and practitioners. While different approaches
	have been applied to reach minimal pollutant production, the classic
	user equilibrium calculation with the pollutant production as travel
	costs instead of using travel times remains in the center of attention.
	However, the validity of such a direct transformation to find a user
	equilibrium is questionable. In this paper, a simplified analytical
	approach to examine the above aforementioned validity has been carried
	out, followed by a simulation approach to verify the results of the
	analytical approach. The result shows that the pollutant production
	function violates the usual assumption of a monotonous function (typically,
	emission has a minimum at travel speeds around 60 km/h). It also
	indicates that the respective algorithms to compute the user equilibrium
	must deal with the fact, that the equilibrium solution is not unique
	and is dependent on the initial solution. This means that substantial
	modifications to the algorithms that compute the user equilibrium
	have to be discussed since they do not work as intended when pollutant
	production is used as travel costs, especially in a transportation
	system with mixed speeds that cover a range around the minimum emission
	speed.},
	groups = {pollution},
	institution = {Institut f\"ur Verkehrssystemtechnik},
	keywords = {ecological traffic management, traffic simulation, user equilibrium},
	owner = {dkrajzew},
	timestamp = {2012.09.18},
	url = {http://elib.dlr.de/76186/}
}


Copy

With increasing environmental sustainability awareness significant attention on ecological traffic management (eco-TM) has come into the focus of researchers and practitioners. While different approaches have been applied to reach minimal pollutant production, the classic user equilibrium calculation with the pollutant production as travel costs instead of using travel times remains in the center of attention. However, the validity of such a direct transformation to find a user equilibrium is questionable. In this paper, a simplified analytical approach to examine the above aforementioned validity has been carried out, followed by a simulation approach to verify the results of the analytical approach. The result shows that the pollutant production function violates the usual assumption of a monotonous function (typically, emission has a minimum at travel speeds around 60 km/h). It also indicates that the respective algorithms to compute the user equilibrium must deal with the fact, that the equilibrium solution is not unique and is dependent on the initial solution. This means that substantial modifications to the algorithms that compute the user equilibrium have to be discussed since they do not work as intended when pollutant production is used as travel costs, especially in a transportation system with mixed speeds that cover a range around the minimum emission speed.

@inproceedings{dlr71871,
	author = {Yun-Pang Fl{\"o}tter{\"o}d and Laura Bieker},
	booktitle = {ICEM 2012},
	title = {Demand-oriented traffic management for incidents and disasters},
	year = {2012},
	abstract = {Traffic simulation has been extensively used as a decision support
	tool for efficient traffic management in daily life. During disasters
	and incidents, traffic simulation can further help rescue teams to
	understand the current traffic state and the possible impacts of
	proposed strategies and then to make proper decisions. At this point,
	the changes in traffic demand should also be considered in the simulation
	to reflect the latest traffic state. In this paper, a demand-oriented
	traffic management system for disasters and incidents with a web-based
	portal is introduced. In this system, not only the real-time data
	from loop and wireless detectors but also traffic simulation are
	used for reconstructing and predicting the traffic state. Furthermore,
	four traffic demand categories for disasters and incidents are proposed
	in the system. Some respective demand characteristics are collected
	according to historical cases, such as departure pattern and people?s
	perception about evacuation. Such characteristics will be used in
	the system, since they have a great influence on the simulated traffic
	state and the effectiveness of applied strategies. Finally, the approach
	how to generate the respective special demands for disasters and
	incidents with consideration of the normal traffic demand is proposed
	as well.},
	groups = {pollution},
	keywords = {traffic management; disaster; SUMO;VABENE; traffic simulation},
	owner = {dkrajzew},
	timestamp = {2014.01.08},
	url = {http://elib.dlr.de/71871/}
}


Copy

Traffic simulation has been extensively used as a decision support tool for efficient traffic management in daily life. During disasters and incidents, traffic simulation can further help rescue teams to understand the current traffic state and the possible impacts of proposed strategies and then to make proper decisions. At this point, the changes in traffic demand should also be considered in the simulation to reflect the latest traffic state. In this paper, a demand-oriented traffic management system for disasters and incidents with a web-based portal is introduced. In this system, not only the real-time data from loop and wireless detectors but also traffic simulation are used for reconstructing and predicting the traffic state. Furthermore, four traffic demand categories for disasters and incidents are proposed in the system. Some respective demand characteristics are collected according to historical cases, such as departure pattern and people?s perception about evacuation. Such characteristics will be used in the system, since they have a great influence on the simulated traffic state and the effectiveness of applied strategies. Finally, the approach how to generate the respective special demands for disasters and incidents with consideration of the normal traffic demand is proposed as well.

@inproceedings{dlr80610,
	author = {Yun-Pang Fl{\"o}tter{\"o}d and Peter Wagner and Michael Behrisch and Daniel Krajzewicz},
	booktitle = {2012 Winter Simulation Conference},
	title = {Simulated-based Validity Analysis of Ecological User Equilibrium},
	year = {2012},
	month = {Dezember},
	abstract = {Microscopic traffic simulation models are applied in the analysis
	of transportation systems for years. Nevertheless, calibration (and
	validation) of microscopic sub-models such as car-following and gap-acceptance
	models is still a recent matter. The objective of the calibration
	is to adapt the simulation output to empirical data by adjusting
	the model's parameters. However, simulation results may vary from
	the underlying real-world data, despite the calibration. To analyze
	these deviations the present paper compares two different approaches
	of calibration using data from a single-lane car-following experiment
	on a Japanese test track. It is demonstrated that the results of
	the two methods differ significantly. A recommendation for the more
	appropriate method to use is given.},
	groups = {pollution},
	journal = {Winter Simulation Conference Archive},
	keywords = {traffic simulation, user equilibrium, ecology},
	owner = {dkrajzew},
	timestamp = {2014.01.08},
	url = {http://elib.dlr.de/80610/}
}


Copy

Microscopic traffic simulation models are applied in the analysis of transportation systems for years. Nevertheless, calibration (and validation) of microscopic sub-models such as car-following and gap-acceptance models is still a recent matter. The objective of the calibration is to adapt the simulation output to empirical data by adjusting the model's parameters. However, simulation results may vary from the underlying real-world data, despite the calibration. To analyze these deviations the present paper compares two different approaches of calibration using data from a single-lane car-following experiment on a Japanese test track. It is demonstrated that the results of the two methods differ significantly. A recommendation for the more appropriate method to use is given.

@article{joerer2012towards,
	author = {Joerer, Stefan and Sommer, Christoph and Dressler, Falko},
	title = {{Towards Reproducibility and Comparability of IVC Simulation Studies
	- A Literature Survey}},
	journal = {IEEE Communications Magazine},
	year = {2012},
	note = {to appear},
	publisher = {IEEE}
}


Copy

@article{Krajzewicz20121482,
	author = {Daniel Krajzewicz and Laura Bieker and J�r�me H�rri and Robbin Blokpoel},
	title = {Simulation of V2X Applications with the iTETRIS System},
	journal = {Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences},
	year = {2012},
	volume = {48},
	pages = {1482 - 1492},
	number = {0},
	note = {<ce:title>Transport Research Arena 2012</ce:title>},
	abstract = {The main task of the �iTETRIS� project which was co-funded by the
	European Commission was the development of a software system for
	the simulation of large-scale traffic management solutions based
	on vehicular communication (V2X). Several steps were taken to assure
	that the developed simulation system fits the current research and
	engineering needs, including the evaluation of a city�s traffic problems,
	definition of performance metrics, development of V2X-enabled traffic
	management applications, and the extension of the simulators used
	within the developed simulation architecture. Within this report,
	the major results of the project will be presented. Most of these
	results were made freely available after the project�s end.},
	doi = {10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.06.1124},
	issn = {1877-0428},
	keywords = {traffic management},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877042812028601}
}


Copy

The main task of the �iTETRIS� project which was co-funded by the European Commission was the development of a software system for the simulation of large-scale traffic management solutions based on vehicular communication (V2X). Several steps were taken to assure that the developed simulation system fits the current research and engineering needs, including the evaluation of a city�s traffic problems, definition of performance metrics, development of V2X-enabled traffic management applications, and the extension of the simulators used within the developed simulation architecture. Within this report, the major results of the project will be presented. Most of these results were made freely available after the project�s end.

@inproceedings{dlr72224,
	author = {Peter Wagner and Gunnar Fl{\"o}tter{\"o}d and Ronald Nippold and Yun-Pang Fl{\"o}tter{\"o}d},
	booktitle = {Transportation Research Board 91st Annaul Meeting},
	title = {Simplified car-following models},
	year = {2012},
	month = {Januar},
	abstract = {This work presents strong evidence that human car-following behaviour
	can be described by a linear model with no more than three parameters
	to an amazing degree of precision. From this result it can be inferred
	that any microscopic traffic flow model can be composed of the car-following
	behaviour plus a couple of rules that fixes boundaries of the behaviour
	in terms of limitations to speed, acceleration, and safety. These
	limitations, however, usually have a clear physical meaning and understanding
	and are the only non-linearities needed to built a microscopic traffic
	flow model.},
	groups = {pollution},
	keywords = {car-following, simple traffic flow models, ARIMA, calibration of traffic flow models},
	owner = {dkrajzew},
	timestamp = {2014.01.08},
	url = {http://elib.dlr.de/72224/}
}


Copy

This work presents strong evidence that human car-following behaviour can be described by a linear model with no more than three parameters to an amazing degree of precision. From this result it can be inferred that any microscopic traffic flow model can be composed of the car-following behaviour plus a couple of rules that fixes boundaries of the behaviour in terms of limitations to speed, acceleration, and safety. These limitations, however, usually have a clear physical meaning and understanding and are the only non-linearities needed to built a microscopic traffic flow model.

@inproceedings{Bajpai2011,
	author = {Ashutosh Bajpai and Tom V Mathew},
	booktitle = {1st Conference of Transportation Research Group of India},
	title = {Development of an Interface between Signal Controller and Traffic Simulator},
	year = {2011},
	month = {12},
	organization = {Transportation Research Group of India},
	abstract = {Adaptive Traffic Control algorithm is an important strategy to manage
	traffic at an intersection. These are an improvement of vehicle actuated
	signal control, where explicitly strategies are formulated to compute
	the signal timing considering the current traffic state obtained
	from sensors. However, field evaluation of these strategies is cumbersome
	and expensive and hence simulators which model traffic system can
	be a good alternative. The main challenge in this is a good interface
	between the signal control system and the traffic simulators. The
	signal control system needs the state of the junction in terms of
	vehicle occupancy at every instant. On the other hand, traffic simulator
	needs information on whether the signal state has changed. This two
	way communication requires an efficient interface which is similar
	to client-server architecture. The simulator acts as the server where
	as the adaptive control strategy act like client. This paper proposes
	an efficient interface to couple adaptive control strategy and traffic
	simulator. This interface mediates between traffic control system
	and traffic simulator and provides online interaction to simulation
	from the control strategy. This interface facilitates pure procedural
	routines to communicate and is written in C language along with Python/C
	API. Additionally, a module to estimate the vehicular delay due to
	the control strategy is developed. This delay is estimated by defining
	effective length of queue, which is provided as a user input.


	This interface is tested using SUMO (Simulation for Urban Mobility),
	which is an open source, microscopic, space continuous and time discrete
	simulator developed by German Aerospace Centre. The traffic control
	strategy is analogous to the HCM vehicle actuated traffic control
	except that there is a queue prediction model which computes upper
	limits on the maximum green time. An isolated four arm junction having
	four phases is simulated for various flow conditions. The simulator
	supplied the state of the downstream detector to the traffic control
	algorithm at every simulation step and the control algorithm determines
	the signal time strategies (phase termination, green extension, and
	maximum green time). These strategies are communicated to the simulator.
	These communications were facilitated by the proposed interface.
	The average stopped delay is computed as the performance parameter.
	The interface was also coupled with another traffic simulator (VISSIM)
	and the results are compared. This interface justifies the concept
	of reusability by the evaluation of number of control strategy.},
	file = {:https\://sumo.dlr.de/pdf/CTRG_Interface-SUMO.pdf:URL},
	groups = {used, TLS, IIT Bombay, assigned2groups},
	keywords = {Traffic simulator, Signal controller, Procedural Interface, SUMO (Simulation of Urban Mobility), VISSIM (Verkehr In St�dten - SIMulationsmodell)},
	owner = {dkrajzew},
	timestamp = {2012.02.07}
}


Copy

Adaptive Traffic Control algorithm is an important strategy to manage traffic at an intersection. These are an improvement of vehicle actuated signal control, where explicitly strategies are formulated to compute the signal timing considering the current traffic state obtained from sensors. However, field evaluation of these strategies is cumbersome and expensive and hence simulators which model traffic system can be a good alternative. The main challenge in this is a good interface between the signal control system and the traffic simulators. The signal control system needs the state of the junction in terms of vehicle occupancy at every instant. On the other hand, traffic simulator needs information on whether the signal state has changed. This two way communication requires an efficient interface which is similar to client-server architecture. The simulator acts as the server where as the adaptive control strategy act like client. This paper proposes an efficient interface to couple adaptive control strategy and traffic simulator. This interface mediates between traffic control system and traffic simulator and provides online interaction to simulation from the control strategy. This interface facilitates pure procedural routines to communicate and is written in C language along with Python/C API. Additionally, a module to estimate the vehicular delay due to the control strategy is developed. This delay is estimated by defining effective length of queue, which is provided as a user input. This interface is tested using SUMO (Simulation for Urban Mobility), which is an open source, microscopic, space continuous and time discrete simulator developed by German Aerospace Centre. The traffic control strategy is analogous to the HCM vehicle actuated traffic control except that there is a queue prediction model which computes upper limits on the maximum green time. An isolated four arm junction having four phases is simulated for various flow conditions. The simulator supplied the state of the downstream detector to the traffic control algorithm at every simulation step and the control algorithm determines the signal time strategies (phase termination, green extension, and maximum green time). These strategies are communicated to the simulator. These communications were facilitated by the proposed interface. The average stopped delay is computed as the performance parameter. The interface was also coupled with another traffic simulator (VISSIM) and the results are compared. This interface justifies the concept of reusability by the evaluation of number of control strategy.

@mastersthesis{Barber2011,
	author = {Anthony Barber},
	school = {University of Tulsa},
	title = {SHARING THE ROADS USING ROUTE INFORMATION SHARING},
	year = {2011},
	file = {:https\://sumo.dlr.de/pdf/BarberThesis.pdf:URL},
	groups = {used, navigation, University of Tulsa, assigned2groups},
	keywords = {University of Tulsa, sumo},
	owner = {dkrajzew},
	timestamp = {2011.09.19}
}


Copy

@inproceedings{Behrisch2011,
	author = {Michael Behrisch and Laura Bieker and Jakob Erdmann and Daniel Krajzewicz},
	booktitle = {SIMUL 2011, The Third International Conference on Advances in System Simulation},
	title = {SUMO - Simulation of Urban MObility: An Overview},
	year = {2011},
	address = {Barcelona, Spain},
	editor = {SINTEF \& University of Oslo Aida Omerovic and RTI International - Research Triangle Park Diglio A. Simoni and RTI International - Research Triangle Park Georgiy Bobashev},
	month = {October},
	pages = {63-68},
	publisher = {ThinkMind},
	abstract = {SUMO is an open source traffic simulation package including net import
	and demand modeling components. We describe the current state of
	the package as well as future developments and extensions. SUMO helps
	to investigate several research topics e.g. route choice and traffic
	light algorithm or simulating vehicular communication. Therefore
	the framework is used in different projects to simulate automatic
	driving or traffic management strategies.},
	groups = {presentation, simulation packages, TS, assigned2groups},
	journal = {Proceedings of SIMUL 2011, The Third International Conference on Advances in System Simulation},
	keywords = {microscopic traffic simulation, software, open source},
	owner = {Daniel},
	timestamp = {2011.12.02},
	url = {http://elib.dlr.de/71460/}
}


Copy

SUMO is an open source traffic simulation package including net import and demand modeling components. We describe the current state of the package as well as future developments and extensions. SUMO helps to investigate several research topics e.g. route choice and traffic light algorithm or simulating vehicular communication. Therefore the framework is used in different projects to simulate automatic driving or traffic management strategies.

@inproceedings{dlr71870,
	author = {Michael Behrisch and Yun-Pang Fl\"otter\"od and Daniel Krajzewicz and Peter Wagner},
	booktitle = {DTA 2012},
	title = {Ecological User Equilibrium?},
	year = {2011},
	month = {November},
	abstract = {With increasing environmental sustainability awareness significant
	attention on ecological traffic management (eco-TM) has come into
	the focus of researchers and practitioners. While different approaches
	have been applied to reach minimal pollutant production, the classic
	user equilibrium calculation with the pollutant production as travel
	costs instead of using travel times remains in the center of attention.
	However, the validity of such a direct transformation to find a user
	equilibrium is questionable. In this paper, a simplified analytical
	approach to examine the above aforementioned validity has been carried
	out, followed by a simulation approach to verify the results of the
	analytical approach. The initial result shows that the pollutant
	production function violates the usual assumption of a monotonous
	function (typically, emission has a minimum at travel speeds around
	\unit[60]{km/h} ). This means that substantial modifications to the
	algorithms that compute the user equilibrium have to be discussed
	since they do not work as intended when pollutant production is used
	as travel costs, especially in a transportation system with mixed
	speeds that cover a range around the minimum emission speed.},
	groups = {pollution},
	keywords = {eco traffic management, dynamic traffic assignment, user equilibrium},
	owner = {dkrajzew},
	timestamp = {2012.09.18},
	url = {http://elib.dlr.de/71870/}
}


Copy

With increasing environmental sustainability awareness significant attention on ecological traffic management (eco-TM) has come into the focus of researchers and practitioners. While different approaches have been applied to reach minimal pollutant production, the classic user equilibrium calculation with the pollutant production as travel costs instead of using travel times remains in the center of attention. However, the validity of such a direct transformation to find a user equilibrium is questionable. In this paper, a simplified analytical approach to examine the above aforementioned validity has been carried out, followed by a simulation approach to verify the results of the analytical approach. The initial result shows that the pollutant production function violates the usual assumption of a monotonous function (typically, emission has a minimum at travel speeds around ˘nit[60]km/h ). This means that substantial modifications to the algorithms that compute the user equilibrium have to be discussed since they do not work as intended when pollutant production is used as travel costs, especially in a transportation system with mixed speeds that cover a range around the minimum emission speed.

@inproceedings{Bieker2011a,
	author = {Laura Bieker},
	booktitle = {Young Researchers Seminar},
	title = {Emergency Vehicle Prioritization using Vehicle-To-Vehicle Communication},
	year = {2011},
	month = {Juni},
	abstract = {Emergency vehicles need to reach their destination as fast as possible.
	They deserve the highest priority at intersections. Therefore, they
	are allowed to use bus lanes and pass red lights at traffic light
	systems. Nevertheless, for emergency vehicles it is still quicker
	and safer to get priority at the approaching intersection. This paper
	analyses how the travel time of emergency vehicles can be improved
	by using vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communication. Emergency
	vehicles are sending messages with their route information and their
	current position. The traffic lights which have to be passed can
	switch to green for emergency vehicles and to red for all other streets.
	The traffic lights continue the normal operation after the emergency
	vehicle has passed the intersection. Simulation results show that
	emergency vehicles can reach their destination faster.},
	groups = {used, iTETRIS, emergency, TLS, TS, assigned2groups},
	keywords = {V2I communication, Emergency vehicle, traffic management, traffic simulation},
	owner = {Daniel},
	timestamp = {2011.12.02},
	url = {http://elib.dlr.de/70219/}
}


Copy

Emergency vehicles need to reach their destination as fast as possible. They deserve the highest priority at intersections. Therefore, they are allowed to use bus lanes and pass red lights at traffic light systems. Nevertheless, for emergency vehicles it is still quicker and safer to get priority at the approaching intersection. This paper analyses how the travel time of emergency vehicles can be improved by using vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communication. Emergency vehicles are sending messages with their route information and their current position. The traffic lights which have to be passed can switch to green for emergency vehicles and to red for all other streets. The traffic lights continue the normal operation after the emergency vehicle has passed the intersection. Simulation results show that emergency vehicles can reach their destination faster.

@inproceedings{Bieker2011,
	author = {Laura Bieker and Daniel Krajzewicz},
	booktitle = {First Forum on Integrated and Sustainable Transportation Systems (FISTS)},
	title = {Evaluation of opening Bus Lanes for private Traffic triggered via V2X Communication},
	year = {2011},
	month = {Juni},
	abstract = {Within the EC project ?iTETRIS?, an architecture for simulating traffic
	management applications based on vehicular communications (V2X) was
	designed and implemented. The work was based on evaluating the needs
	of a real city ? the city of Bologna. Applications which try to solve
	the detected problems were defined and evaluated in subsequent steps.
	This report describes the evaluation of one of the developed applications,
	namely ?Bus Lane Management?. It was analyzed whether it is possible
	to detect the traffic demand via V2X communication and open bus lanes
	for private vehicles. It turned out that this could be done efficiently:
	dedicating the free space on the bus lanes improves the average travel
	times and route lengths of all vehicles. However, this is true only
	if the penetration rates stay well below 50%. If more vehicles try
	to benefit, the situation deteriorates readily.},
	groups = {used, iTETRIS, public transport, surveillance, TS, assigned2groups},
	keywords = {traffc simulation, bus lane management, V2V communication},
	owner = {Daniel},
	timestamp = {2011.12.02},
	url = {http://elib.dlr.de/70220/}
}


Copy

Within the EC project ?iTETRIS?, an architecture for simulating traffic management applications based on vehicular communications (V2X) was designed and implemented. The work was based on evaluating the needs of a real city ? the city of Bologna. Applications which try to solve the detected problems were defined and evaluated in subsequent steps. This report describes the evaluation of one of the developed applications, namely ?Bus Lane Management?. It was analyzed whether it is possible to detect the traffic demand via V2X communication and open bus lanes for private vehicles. It turned out that this could be done efficiently: dedicating the free space on the bus lanes improves the average travel times and route lengths of all vehicles. However, this is true only if the penetration rates stay well below 50%. If more vehicles try to benefit, the situation deteriorates readily.

@misc{Duering2011,
	author = {Michael D�ring},
	month = {07},
	title = {Simulative Untersuchung und Bewertung Vehicle-to-Infrastructure basierter Anfahrstrategien an Lichtsignalanlagen},
	year = {2011},
	abstract = {Das Institut f�r Verkehrssystemtechnik im Deutschen Zentrum f�r Luft-
	und Raumfahrt e.V.

	(DLR) besch�ftigt sich, unter anderem, mit der Entwicklung und Evaluation
	von Fahrerassistenzsystemen.

	In diesem Zusammenhang ist das DLR Mitglied im Car-2-Car Communication

	Consortium, welches eine f�hrende Rolle bei der Erarbeitung von Standards
	(IEEE

	802.11p) f�r die drahtlose �bertragung von Informationen zwischen
	Fahrzeugen sowie

	Fahrzeugen und kooperativer Verkehrsinfrastruktur definiert. Erste
	Demonstrationen zeigen

	den sinnvollen Einsatz dieser Technologie f�r k�nftige Fahrerassistenzsysteme.
	Das

	Ziel dieser Systeme ist es die Sicherheit und die Effizienz im Stra�enverkehr
	weiter zu

	erh�hen.


	Im Entwicklungsprozess von Assistenz- und Automationssystemen werden
	verschiedene

	Schritte, beginnend bei Simulationsstudien zur Absch�tzung der Auswirkungen
	eines neuartigen

	Systems im Verkehr bis hin zur Evaluation von Prototypen in Feldversuchen,

	durchlaufen. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird das Anfahrverhalten von
	50 Fahrzeugen simuliert,

	die sich in einem R�ckstau vor einer Lichtsignalanlage (LSA) befinden.
	Der Aufbau

	der Simulation besteht aus einer LSA gesteuerten Kreuzung, deren einzige
	Fahrtrichtung

	jeweils die Geradeausfahrt ist. Als Simulationsumgebung wird SUMO
	verwendet.


	Das Ziel der Arbeit ist die Untersuchung und Auswertung von drei unterschiedlichen
	Anfahrszenarien.

	Zum einen wird das derzeitige Anfahrverhalten abgebildet. Zum anderen

	werden zwei Fahrerassistenzsysteme betrachtet. Ein Assistenzsystem
	unterst�tzt den

	Fahrer, indem ihm die Restzeit der Rotphase angezeigt wird bzw. indem
	der Assistent den

	Fahrer beim Beschleunigungsvorgang unterst�tzt. Der andere Assistent
	�bernimmt vollautomatisch

	die L�ngsf�hrung der Fahrzeuge. F�r die beiden Assistenten wird die
	Vehicleto-

	X Technologie mit einer Durchdringungsrate von 100% vorausgesetzt.


	Es wird gezeigt, dass durch die Variation der Anfahrstrategie sowohl
	eine Verringerung

	der Aufenthaltsdauer des letzten Fahrzeugs in der Simulation (im Folgenden
	Simulationszeit)

	von 25% bis 85% als auch die Reduzierung der Anzahl der Gr�nphasen
	der LSA zum

	R�umen der Kreuzung von 14 auf 4 m�glich ist. Die Einsparungsm�glichkeiten
	hinsichtlich

	des Kraftstoffverbrauchs liegen zwischen 21% und 94%. Weiterhin wurden
	mit der Gr�nphasendauer

	und dem Beschleunigungswert zwei Parameter identifiziert, die bedeutenden

	Einfluss auf den Ablauf der Simulation und das Potential zur Reduzierung
	der Simulationszeit

	und des Kraftstoffverbrauchs bzw. der Emission haben.},
	file = {pdf:http\://elib.dlr.de/70524/1/Studienarbeit_Michael_D%C3%BCring_110726.pdf:URL},
	groups = {used, TLS, ADAS, TS, TU BS, assigned2groups},
	keywords = {Lichtsignalanlagen, Anfahren, V2X, TLS, DLR/TS/VM},
	owner = {dkrajzew},
	timestamp = {2011.11.23},
	url = {http://elib.dlr.de/70524/}
}


Copy

Das Institut f�r Verkehrssystemtechnik im Deutschen Zentrum f�r Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. (DLR) besch�ftigt sich, unter anderem, mit der Entwicklung und Evaluation von Fahrerassistenzsystemen. In diesem Zusammenhang ist das DLR Mitglied im Car-2-Car Communication Consortium, welches eine f�hrende Rolle bei der Erarbeitung von Standards (IEEE 802.11p) f�r die drahtlose �bertragung von Informationen zwischen Fahrzeugen sowie Fahrzeugen und kooperativer Verkehrsinfrastruktur definiert. Erste Demonstrationen zeigen den sinnvollen Einsatz dieser Technologie f�r k�nftige Fahrerassistenzsysteme. Das Ziel dieser Systeme ist es die Sicherheit und die Effizienz im Stra�enverkehr weiter zu erh�hen. Im Entwicklungsprozess von Assistenz- und Automationssystemen werden verschiedene Schritte, beginnend bei Simulationsstudien zur Absch�tzung der Auswirkungen eines neuartigen Systems im Verkehr bis hin zur Evaluation von Prototypen in Feldversuchen, durchlaufen. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird das Anfahrverhalten von 50 Fahrzeugen simuliert, die sich in einem R�ckstau vor einer Lichtsignalanlage (LSA) befinden. Der Aufbau der Simulation besteht aus einer LSA gesteuerten Kreuzung, deren einzige Fahrtrichtung jeweils die Geradeausfahrt ist. Als Simulationsumgebung wird SUMO verwendet. Das Ziel der Arbeit ist die Untersuchung und Auswertung von drei unterschiedlichen Anfahrszenarien. Zum einen wird das derzeitige Anfahrverhalten abgebildet. Zum anderen werden zwei Fahrerassistenzsysteme betrachtet. Ein Assistenzsystem unterst�tzt den Fahrer, indem ihm die Restzeit der Rotphase angezeigt wird bzw. indem der Assistent den Fahrer beim Beschleunigungsvorgang unterst�tzt. Der andere Assistent �bernimmt vollautomatisch die L�ngsf�hrung der Fahrzeuge. F�r die beiden Assistenten wird die Vehicleto- X Technologie mit einer Durchdringungsrate von 100% vorausgesetzt. Es wird gezeigt, dass durch die Variation der Anfahrstrategie sowohl eine Verringerung der Aufenthaltsdauer des letzten Fahrzeugs in der Simulation (im Folgenden Simulationszeit) von 25% bis 85% als auch die Reduzierung der Anzahl der Gr�nphasen der LSA zum R�umen der Kreuzung von 14 auf 4 m�glich ist. Die Einsparungsm�glichkeiten hinsichtlich des Kraftstoffverbrauchs liegen zwischen 21% und 94%. Weiterhin wurden mit der Gr�nphasendauer und dem Beschleunigungswert zwei Parameter identifiziert, die bedeutenden Einfluss auf den Ablauf der Simulation und das Potential zur Reduzierung der Simulationszeit und des Kraftstoffverbrauchs bzw. der Emission haben.

@inproceedings{dlr72232,
	author = {Gunnar Fl{\"o}tter{\"o}d and Peter Wagner and Yun-Pang Wang},
	booktitle = {Traffic And Granular Flow},
	title = {Identifiability and practical relevance of complex car-following models},
	year = {2011},
	month = {September},
	abstract = {This article looks at car-following models with a deliberately pragmatic
	perspective: What information about driver behavior can be extracted
	from a given data set without more or less speculative assumptions
	about underlying behavioral laws. The objective of this exercise
	is not to invalidate existing models but to obtain a better understanding
	of how much (complex) model structure can be revealed/validated from
	real data.},
	groups = {pollution},
	keywords = {car following models, ARIMA, calibration},
	owner = {dkrajzew},
	timestamp = {2014.01.08},
	url = {http://elib.dlr.de/72232/}
}


Copy

This article looks at car-following models with a deliberately pragmatic perspective: What information about driver behavior can be extracted from a given data set without more or less speculative assumptions about underlying behavioral laws. The objective of this exercise is not to invalidate existing models but to obtain a better understanding of how much (complex) model structure can be revealed/validated from real data.

@inproceedings{Harri2011,
	author = {J\'er\^ome H\"arri and Pasquale Cataldi and Daniel Krajzewicz and Robbin J. Blokpoel and Yoann Lopez and Jeremie Leguay},
	booktitle = {MSWiM'11, 14th ACM International Conference on Modeling, Analysis and Simulation of Wireless and Mobile Systems},
	title = {Modeling and Simulating ITS Applications with iTETRIS},
	year = {2011},
	month = {Oktober},
	abstract = {his work presents the modeling methodology of the iTETRIS platform
	to integrate and simulate ITS applications. iTETRIS is a modular
	and open-source simulation platform composed of four key modules:
	the network simulator ns-3, the traffic simulator SUMO, an ITS (Intelligent
	Transportation System) application simulator, and a central federating
	module called iCS. Our contribution is twofold: First, we propose
	a methodology to model and simulate ITS applications with iTETRIS
	around three main mechanisms: (i) message management with generic
	open APIs based on subscription/result container mechanisms (ii)
	data management with the integration of an application facilities
	layer in the iCS, including a local dynamic map (LDM), (iii) application
	management with an ITS application simulator including one or more
	application logics. Second, we apply this methodology to implement
	the following four ITS applications: dynamic route planning, bus
	lane management, emergency vehicle, and contextual speed adaptation.
	We describe their integrations in iTETRIS, including a characterization
	of their interactions with the iCS, and illustrate the benefits of
	these ITS applications on traffic efficiency, gasoline consumption,
	or air pollutant emissions.},
	groups = {mentioned, iTETRIS, communication models, ns-3, TS, Peek Traffic, EURECOM, Thales, assigned2groups},
	keywords = {Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), Simulation Platform, ITS Application, iTETRIS, Performance Evaluation},
	owner = {Daniel},
	timestamp = {2011.12.02},
	url = {http://elib.dlr.de/70969/}
}


Copy

his work presents the modeling methodology of the iTETRIS platform to integrate and simulate ITS applications. iTETRIS is a modular and open-source simulation platform composed of four key modules: the network simulator ns-3, the traffic simulator SUMO, an ITS (Intelligent Transportation System) application simulator, and a central federating module called iCS. Our contribution is twofold: First, we propose a methodology to model and simulate ITS applications with iTETRIS around three main mechanisms: (i) message management with generic open APIs based on subscription/result container mechanisms (ii) data management with the integration of an application facilities layer in the iCS, including a local dynamic map (LDM), (iii) application management with an ITS application simulator including one or more application logics. Second, we apply this methodology to implement the following four ITS applications: dynamic route planning, bus lane management, emergency vehicle, and contextual speed adaptation. We describe their integrations in iTETRIS, including a characterization of their interactions with the iCS, and illustrate the benefits of these ITS applications on traffic efficiency, gasoline consumption, or air pollutant emissions.

@inproceedings{Katsaros2011b,
	author = {Katsaros, Konstantinos and Dianati, Mehrdad and Tafazolli, Rahim and Kernchen, Ralf},
	booktitle = {2011 IEEE Vehicular Networking Conference (VNC) (VNC 2011)},
	title = {{CLWPR - A Novel Cross-Layer Optimized Position Based Routing Protocol for VANETs}},
	year = {2011},
	pages = {200--207},
	abstract = {In this paper, we propose a novel position-based routing protocol
	designed to anticipate the characteristics of an urban VANET environment.
	The proposed algorithm utilizes the prediction of the node's position
	and navigation information to improve the efficiency of routing protocol
	in a vehicular network. In addition, we use the information about
	link layer quality in terms of SNIR and MAC frame error rate to further
	improve the efficiency of the proposed routing protocol. This in
	particular helps to decrease end-to-end delay. Finally, carry-n-forward
	mechanism is employed as a repair strategy in sparse networks. It
	is shown that use of this technique increases packet delivery ratio,
	but increases end-to-end delay as well and is not recommended for
	QoS constraint services. Our results suggest that compared with GPSR,
	our proposal demonstrates better performance in the urban environment.},
	file = {:http\://info.ee.surrey.ac.uk/Personal/K.Katsaros/papers/KK_CLWPR_VNC_11.pdf:URL},
	groups = {routing protocols, University of Surrey, assigned2groups, documentAssigned, [dkrajzew:]},
	keywords = {vehicular ad-hoc networks, position based routing, cross-layer.},
	owner = {dkrajzew},
	timestamp = {2012.01.25}
}


Copy

In this paper, we propose a novel position-based routing protocol designed to anticipate the characteristics of an urban VANET environment. The proposed algorithm utilizes the prediction of the node's position and navigation information to improve the efficiency of routing protocol in a vehicular network. In addition, we use the information about link layer quality in terms of SNIR and MAC frame error rate to further improve the efficiency of the proposed routing protocol. This in particular helps to decrease end-to-end delay. Finally, carry-n-forward mechanism is employed as a repair strategy in sparse networks. It is shown that use of this technique increases packet delivery ratio, but increases end-to-end delay as well and is not recommended for QoS constraint services. Our results suggest that compared with GPSR, our proposal demonstrates better performance in the urban environment.

@inproceedings{Katsaros2011a,
	author = {Katsaros, Konstantinos and Kernchen, Ralf and Dianati, Mehrdad and Rieck, David},
	booktitle = {International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Conference (IWCMC)},
	title = {{Performance study of a Green Light Optimized Speed Advisory ( GLOSA ) Application Using an Integrated Cooperative ITS Simulation Platform}},
	year = {2011},
	pages = {918--923},
	abstract = {This paper proposes a Green Light Optimized Speed Advisory (GLOSA)
	application implementation in a typical reference area, and presents
	the results of its performance analysis using an integrated cooperative
	ITS simulation platform. Our interest was to monitor the impacts
	of GLOSA on fuel and traffic efficiency by introducing metrics for
	average fuel consumption and average stop time behind a traffic light,
	respectively. For gathering the results we implemented a traffic
	scenario defining a single route through an urban area including
	two traffic lights. The simulations are varied for different penetration
	rates of GLOSA-equipped vehicles and traffic density. Our results
	indicate that GLOSA systems could improve fuel consumption and reduce
	traffic congestion in junctions.},
	doi = {10.1109/IWCMC.2011.5982524},
	file = {:http\://info.ee.surrey.ac.uk/Personal/K.Katsaros/papers/KK_GLOSA_IWCMC_11.pdf:URL},
	groups = {used, GLOSA, VSimRTI, JiST/SWANS, FOKUS, University of Surrey, assigned2groups, documentAssigned, [dkrajzew:]},
	keywords = {GLOSA,fuel consumption,traffic congestion,traffic light advisory,vehicular communications},
	mendeley-tags = {GLOSA},
	owner = {dkrajzew},
	timestamp = {2012.01.25}
}


Copy

This paper proposes a Green Light Optimized Speed Advisory (GLOSA) application implementation in a typical reference area, and presents the results of its performance analysis using an integrated cooperative ITS simulation platform. Our interest was to monitor the impacts of GLOSA on fuel and traffic efficiency by introducing metrics for average fuel consumption and average stop time behind a traffic light, respectively. For gathering the results we implemented a traffic scenario defining a single route through an urban area including two traffic lights. The simulations are varied for different penetration rates of GLOSA-equipped vehicles and traffic density. Our results indicate that GLOSA systems could improve fuel consumption and reduce traffic congestion in junctions.

@article{Katsaros2011,
	author = {Katsaros, Konstantinos and Kernchen, Ralf and Dianati, Mehrdad and Rieck, David and Zinoviou, Charalambos},
	journal = {Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing},
	title = {{Application of Vehicular Communications for Improving the Efficiency of Traffic in Urban Areas}},
	year = {2011},
	number = {12},
	pages = {1657--1667},
	volume = {11},
	abstract = {This paper studies the impacts of vehicular communications on efficiency
	of traffic in urban areas. We consider a Green Light Optimized Speed
	Advisory (GLOSA) application implementation in a typical reference
	area, and present the results of its performance analysis using an
	integrated cooperative ITS simulation platform. In addition, we study
	route alternation using Vehicle to Infrastructure (V2I) and Vehicle
	to Vehicle (V2V) communications. Our interest was to monitor the
	impacts of these applications on fuel and traffic efficiency by introducing
	metrics for average fuel consumption, average stop time behind a
	traffic light and average trip time, respectively. For gathering
	the results we implemented two traffic scenarios defining routes
	through an urban area including traffic lights. The simulations are
	varied for different penetration rates of application-equipped vehicles,
	drivers compliance to the advised speed and traffic density. Our
	results indicate that GLOSA systems could improve fuel consumption,
	reduce traffic congestion in junctions and the total trip time.},
	doi = {10.1002/wcm.1233},
	file = {:http\://info.ee.surrey.ac.uk/Personal/K.Katsaros/papers/KK_GLOSA_SI_WCMC_11.pdf:URL},
	groups = {used, navigation, GLOSA, VSimRTI, JiST/SWANS, University of Surrey, assigned2groups, documentAssigned, [dkrajzew:]},
	keywords = {fuel consumption,traffic congestion,traffic light advisory,vehicular communications, alternative route},
	owner = {dkrajzew},
	timestamp = {2012.01.25}
}


Copy

This paper studies the impacts of vehicular communications on efficiency of traffic in urban areas. We consider a Green Light Optimized Speed Advisory (GLOSA) application implementation in a typical reference area, and present the results of its performance analysis using an integrated cooperative ITS simulation platform. In addition, we study route alternation using Vehicle to Infrastructure (V2I) and Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V) communications. Our interest was to monitor the impacts of these applications on fuel and traffic efficiency by introducing metrics for average fuel consumption, average stop time behind a traffic light and average trip time, respectively. For gathering the results we implemented two traffic scenarios defining routes through an urban area including traffic lights. The simulations are varied for different penetration rates of application-equipped vehicles, drivers compliance to the advised speed and traffic density. Our results indicate that GLOSA systems could improve fuel consumption, reduce traffic congestion in junctions and the total trip time.

@inproceedings{Krajzewicz2011,
	author = {Daniel Krajzewicz and Laura Bieker and Elmar Brockfeld and Ronald Nippold and Julia Ringel},
	booktitle = {Heureka '11},
	title = {\"Okologische Einfl\"usse ausgew\"ahlter Verkehrsmanagementans\"atze},
	year = {2011},
	month = {M\"arz},
	abstract = {Eine der Aufgaben innerhalb des von der Europ?ischen Kommission kofinanzierten
	Projektes ?iTETRIS? war die Betrachtung der ?kologischen Auswirkungen
	von Verkehrsmanagementma?nahmen. Um diese Aufgabe erf?llen zu k?nnen
	wurde die innerhalb dieses Projektes benutzte Verkehrsflusssimulation
	SUMO um ein Modell der Schadstoffemission und des Kraftstoffverbrauchs
	erweitert. Mit Hilfe der so erhaltenen Anwendung wurden Versuche
	durchgef?hrt, die die Abh?ngigkeit zwischen konventionellen Kenngr??en
	des Verkehrsmanagements und den neu errechenbaren ?kologischen Kenngr??en
	aufdecken sollten. Innerhalb dieses Berichts werden neben dem Emissionsmodell
	die Ergebnisse dieser Untersuchungen vorgestellt, wobei ein starker
	Zusammenhang zwischen konventionellen und ?kologischen Kenngr??en
	festgestellt wird.},
	groups = {used, iTETRIS, TLS, assignment, pollution, TS, assigned2groups},
	keywords = {Schadstoffemission, Routenwahl, Verkehrsmanagement},
	owner = {Daniel},
	timestamp = {2011.12.02},
	url = {http://elib.dlr.de/69859/}
}


Copy

Eine der Aufgaben innerhalb des von der Europ?ischen Kommission kofinanzierten Projektes ?iTETRIS? war die Betrachtung der ?kologischen Auswirkungen von Verkehrsmanagementma?nahmen. Um diese Aufgabe erf?llen zu k?nnen wurde die innerhalb dieses Projektes benutzte Verkehrsflusssimulation SUMO um ein Modell der Schadstoffemission und des Kraftstoffverbrauchs erweitert. Mit Hilfe der so erhaltenen Anwendung wurden Versuche durchgef?hrt, die die Abh?ngigkeit zwischen konventionellen Kenngr??en des Verkehrsmanagements und den neu errechenbaren ?kologischen Kenngr??en aufdecken sollten. Innerhalb dieses Berichts werden neben dem Emissionsmodell die Ergebnisse dieser Untersuchungen vorgestellt, wobei ein starker Zusammenhang zwischen konventionellen und ?kologischen Kenngr??en festgestellt wird.

@inproceedings{Krajzewicz2011a,
	author = {Daniel Krajzewicz and Peter Wagner},
	booktitle = {AMAA 2011},
	title = {Large-scale Vehicle Routing Scenarios based on Pollutant Emission},
	year = {2011},
	editor = {Gereon Meyer and J\"urgen Valldorf},
	month = {Juni},
	pages = {237--246},
	publisher = {Springer},
	abstract = {This paper describes simulation-based investigations on route choice
	based on pollutant emission. A microscopic simulation enhanced by
	a pollutant emission model was used to evaluate whether a vehicle?s
	pollutant emission can be used as an edge weight during route computation
	and which effects can be observed in such cases. For each of the
	pollutants CO, CO2, NOx, PMx, and HC and for the fuel consumption,
	a dynamic user assignment has been performed. The investigations
	have been performed twice, using two scenarios of different size.
	Large discrepancies for route computation using pollutants have been
	observed when comparing inner-city and suburban traffic networks.},
	groups = {used, assignment, metrics, pollution, TS, assigned2groups},
	journal = {Advanced Microsystems for Automotive Applications 2011},
	keywords = {pollutant emission, traffic management, route choice, assignment},
	owner = {Daniel},
	timestamp = {2011.12.02},
	url = {http://elib.dlr.de/70322/}
}


Copy

This paper describes simulation-based investigations on route choice based on pollutant emission. A microscopic simulation enhanced by a pollutant emission model was used to evaluate whether a vehicle?s pollutant emission can be used as an edge weight during route computation and which effects can be observed in such cases. For each of the pollutants CO, CO2, NOx, PMx, and HC and for the fuel consumption, a dynamic user assignment has been performed. The investigations have been performed twice, using two scenarios of different size. Large discrepancies for route computation using pollutants have been observed when comparing inner-city and suburban traffic networks.

@mastersthesis{Pereira2011,
	author = {Jos� Luis Ferr�s Pereira},
	title = {An Integrated Architecture for Autonomous Vehicles Simulation},
	school = {Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto},
	year = {2011},
	month = {June},
	abstract = {Research on autonomous vehicles has come a long way since first findings,
	and its software tools

	are increasingly acclaimed by the research community. Particularly
	with robotics simulators, autonomous

	vehicles were provided with a suitable test-bed for experimentation
	of new methodologies

	such as long-term navigation algorithms, map building and intelligent
	reasoning. However,

	when it concerns the deployment and validation of such vehicles in
	a larger urban traffic scenario,

	robotics simulators do not seem to provide the required functionality
	for road traffic analysis, or

	inter-vehicular communication infrastructure as they seem present
	in today�s traffic simulators.

	The improvement of such features is the key for the successful practical
	deployment of such a

	critical system.


	The main objective of this dissertation is the integration of two
	types of simulators, namely a

	robotics and a traffic simulator. This integration will enable autonomous
	vehicles to be deployed

	in a rather realistic traffic flow as an agent entity (on the traffic
	simulator), at the same time it

	simulates all its sensors and actuators (on the robotics counterpart).
	Also, the statistical tools

	available in the traffic simulator will allow practitioners to infer
	what kind of advantages such a

	novel technology will bring to our everyday�s lives. Furthermore,
	the current features and issues on

	current robotics and traffic simulators are presented and a taxonomy
	for selecting these simulators

	is proposed. An architecture for the integration of the aforementioned
	simulators is proposed and

	implemented in the light of the most desired features of such software
	environments.


	To assess the usefulness of the platform architecture towards the
	expected realistic simulation

	facility, a comprehensive system evaluation is also performed and
	critically reviewed, leveraging

	the feasibility of the integration. Further developments and future
	perspectives are pinpointed up

	in the end.},
	file = {:https\://sumo.dlr.de/pdf/mieec1.pdf:URL},
	keywords = {autonomous driving, SUMO, driver modelling, Universidade de Porto,
	Models},
	owner = {dkrajzew},
	timestamp = {2011.09.30}
}


Copy

Research on autonomous vehicles has come a long way since first findings, and its software tools are increasingly acclaimed by the research community. Particularly with robotics simulators, autonomous vehicles were provided with a suitable test-bed for experimentation of new methodologies such as long-term navigation algorithms, map building and intelligent reasoning. However, when it concerns the deployment and validation of such vehicles in a larger urban traffic scenario, robotics simulators do not seem to provide the required functionality for road traffic analysis, or inter-vehicular communication infrastructure as they seem present in today�s traffic simulators. The improvement of such features is the key for the successful practical deployment of such a critical system. The main objective of this dissertation is the integration of two types of simulators, namely a robotics and a traffic simulator. This integration will enable autonomous vehicles to be deployed in a rather realistic traffic flow as an agent entity (on the traffic simulator), at the same time it simulates all its sensors and actuators (on the robotics counterpart). Also, the statistical tools available in the traffic simulator will allow practitioners to infer what kind of advantages such a novel technology will bring to our everyday�s lives. Furthermore, the current features and issues on current robotics and traffic simulators are presented and a taxonomy for selecting these simulators is proposed. An architecture for the integration of the aforementioned simulators is proposed and implemented in the light of the most desired features of such software environments. To assess the usefulness of the platform architecture towards the expected realistic simulation facility, a comprehensive system evaluation is also performed and critically reviewed, leveraging the feasibility of the integration. Further developments and future perspectives are pinpointed up in the end.

@inproceedings{Rosenbaum2011,
	author = {Dominik Rosenbaum and Michael Behrisch and Jens Leitloff and Franz Kurz and Oliver Meynberg and Tanja Reize and Peter Reinartz},
	booktitle = {EOGC 2011},
	title = {An airborne camera system for rapid mapping in case of disaster and mass events},
	year = {2011},
	month = {April},
	abstract = {Here we present an airborne optical camera system with an extended
	image processing unit onboard the aircraft and a radio data downlink.
	With all these components the system is well suited for rapid mapping
	applications in case of mass events and disaster. The image processing
	unit provides the possibility of direct orthorectification/georeferencing
	of the aerial images by the use of an IMU/GPS real-time navigation
	system without the use of ground control points. Furthermore thematic
	processing algorithms implemented to the image processing unit can
	analyse orthoimages e.g. for road traffic data content, people density
	and movement during mass events or DSM generation and 3D analysis
	directly onboard the aircraft. Resulting data and images can be transmitted
	to the ground via radio data downlink immediately. Road traffic data
	is used at the ground station in a traffic simulation for filling
	coverage gaps and traffic forecast. All in all, the system forms
	a powerful tool to operation controllers of security authorities
	and organizations in case of mass events or disasters.},
	groups = {used, VABENE, surveillance, airborne, cameras, forecast, TS, MF, assigned2groups},
	journal = {Proceedings of the Earth Observation for Global Change 2011 - EOGC 2011 (Munich, Germany, 2011-04-13 to 2011-04-15)},
	keywords = {Rapid Mapping, Monitoring, Recognition, Orthorectification, Georeferencing, Image, Pattern, Sequences},
	owner = {Daniel},
	timestamp = {2011.12.02},
	url = {http://elib.dlr.de/70510/}
}


Copy

Here we present an airborne optical camera system with an extended image processing unit onboard the aircraft and a radio data downlink. With all these components the system is well suited for rapid mapping applications in case of mass events and disaster. The image processing unit provides the possibility of direct orthorectification/georeferencing of the aerial images by the use of an IMU/GPS real-time navigation system without the use of ground control points. Furthermore thematic processing algorithms implemented to the image processing unit can analyse orthoimages e.g. for road traffic data content, people density and movement during mass events or DSM generation and 3D analysis directly onboard the aircraft. Resulting data and images can be transmitted to the ground via radio data downlink immediately. Road traffic data is used at the ground station in a traffic simulation for filling coverage gaps and traffic forecast. All in all, the system forms a powerful tool to operation controllers of security authorities and organizations in case of mass events or disasters.

@inproceedings{SandeshFiore2011,
	author = {Sandesh Uppoor and Marco Fiore},
	booktitle = {IEEE Vehicular Networking Conference (VNC)},
	title = {Large-scale Urban Vehicular Mobility for Networking Research},
	year = {2011},
	address = {Amsterdam, The Netherlands},
	month = {11},
	abstract = {Simulation is the tool of choice for the largescale

	performance evaluation of upcoming telecommunication

	networking paradigms that involve users aboard vehicles, such

	as next-generation cellular networks for vehicular access, pure

	vehicular ad hoc networks, and opportunistic disruption-tolerant

	networks. The single most distinguishing feature of vehicular

	networks simulation lies in the mobility of users, which is the

	result of the interaction of complex macroscopic and microscopic

	dynamics. Notwithstanding the improvements that vehicular mobility

	modeling has undergone during the past few years, no car

	traffic trace is available today that captures both macroscopic and

	microscopic behaviors of drivers over a large urban region, and

	does so with the level of detail required for networking research.

	In this paper, we present a realistic synthetic dataset of the car

	traffic over a typical 24 hours in a 400-km2 region around the city

	of K�oln, in Germany. We outline how our mobility description

	improves today�s existing traces and show the potential impact

	that a comprehensive representation of vehicular mobility can

	have one the evaluation of networking technologies.},
	file = {:http\://kolntrace.project.citi-lab.fr/data/uppoor_vnc11.pdf:URL},
	groups = {used, TAPAS, connectivity, generation, assignment, road networks, INRIA, assigned2groups},
	owner = {dkrajzew},
	timestamp = {2011.12.01}
}


Copy

Simulation is the tool of choice for the largescale performance evaluation of upcoming telecommunication networking paradigms that involve users aboard vehicles, such as next-generation cellular networks for vehicular access, pure vehicular ad hoc networks, and opportunistic disruption-tolerant networks. The single most distinguishing feature of vehicular networks simulation lies in the mobility of users, which is the result of the interaction of complex macroscopic and microscopic dynamics. Notwithstanding the improvements that vehicular mobility modeling has undergone during the past few years, no car traffic trace is available today that captures both macroscopic and microscopic behaviors of drivers over a large urban region, and does so with the level of detail required for networking research. In this paper, we present a realistic synthetic dataset of the car traffic over a typical 24 hours in a 400-km2 region around the city of K�oln, in Germany. We outline how our mobility description improves today�s existing traces and show the potential impact that a comprehensive representation of vehicular mobility can have one the evaluation of networking technologies.

@inproceedings{dlr71872,
	author = {Yun-Pang Wang and Gunnar Fl{\"o}tter{\"o}d},
	booktitle = {MT-ITS 2011},
	title = {Route choice calibration from multi-point vehicle stream measurements},
	year = {2011},
	month = {Juni},
	abstract = {To better und more precisely assess different transporta-tion design
	alternatives and traffic management strategies, microscopic traffic
	simulation models are extensively applied. The respective calibration
	and validation works are getting more and more important. Nowadays,
	GPS-based systems are broadly applied. More and more route related
	information can be collected, which promises great improvements of
	calibra-tion accuracy. An approach using multi-point vehicle stream
	measurements is proposed in this paper and is shown to work well
	in synthetic experiments.},
	groups = {pollution},
	keywords = {route choice, vehicle reidentification, traffic simulation SUMO, CADYTS},
	owner = {dkrajzew},
	timestamp = {2014.01.08},
	url = {http://elib.dlr.de/71872/}
}


Copy

To better und more precisely assess different transporta-tion design alternatives and traffic management strategies, microscopic traffic simulation models are extensively applied. The respective calibration and validation works are getting more and more important. Nowadays, GPS-based systems are broadly applied. More and more route related information can be collected, which promises great improvements of calibra-tion accuracy. An approach using multi-point vehicle stream measurements is proposed in this paper and is shown to work well in synthetic experiments.

@inproceedings{dlr77309,
	author = {Yun-Pang Wang and Peter Wagner and Michael Behrisch},
	booktitle = {HEUREKA 2011},
	title = {Ann{\"a}herung an das dynamische Systemoptimum mit Hilfe von Einzelfahrzeuginformationen},
	year = {2011},
	month = {M{\"a}rz},
	abstract = {Der Verkehr in einem gegebenen Untersuchungsgebiet organisiert sich
	selbst in eine Ann{\"a}herung an das sogenannte Nutzeroptimum. Im
	Widerspruch dazu steht die Forderung von Verkehrsmanagern, ein Systemoptimum
	zur besten Nutzung der vorhandenen verkehrlichen Ressourcen anzustreben.
	In der Praxis ist es wegen der sich st{\"a}ndig ver{\"a}ndernden
	Verkehrszust{\"a}nde schwierig, Kantenwiderstandsfunktionen zu bestimmen.
	Heutzutage k{\"o}nnen viele Verkehrsinformationen mittlerweile direkt
	von Meldefahrzeugen erfasst werden. Daraus k{\"o}nnen viele zeitabh{\"a}ngige
	Informationen abgeleitet werden. In dieser Arbeit wird untersucht,
	ob und wie man auf einfache Weise ein Systemoptimum mit Hilfe einer
	mikroskopischen Simulation berechnen kann und welches Ausma{\ss}
	an Informationen zur Ann{\"a}herung an ein Systemoptimum erforderlich
	ist.},
	groups = {pollution},
	keywords = {dynamische Systemoptimum, mikroskopische Verkehrssimulation},
	owner = {dkrajzew},
	timestamp = {2014.01.08},
	url = {http://elib.dlr.de/77309/}
}


Copy

Der Verkehr in einem gegebenen Untersuchungsgebiet organisiert sich selbst in eine Annäherung an das sogenannte Nutzeroptimum. Im Widerspruch dazu steht die Forderung von Verkehrsmanagern, ein Systemoptimum zur besten Nutzung der vorhandenen verkehrlichen Ressourcen anzustreben. In der Praxis ist es wegen der sich ständig verändernden Verkehrszustände schwierig, Kantenwiderstandsfunktionen zu bestimmen. Heutzutage können viele Verkehrsinformationen mittlerweile direkt von Meldefahrzeugen erfasst werden. Daraus können viele zeitabhängige Informationen abgeleitet werden. In dieser Arbeit wird untersucht, ob und wie man auf einfache Weise ein Systemoptimum mit Hilfe einer mikroskopischen Simulation berechnen kann und welches Ausmaß an Informationen zur Annäherung an ein Systemoptimum erforderlich ist.

@inproceedings{Bamberger2010,
	author = {Walter Bamberger and Josef Schlittenlacher and Klaus Diepold},
	title = {A Trust Model for Intervehicular Communication Based on Belief Theory},
	booktitle = {Social Computing (SocialCom), 2010 IEEE Second International Conference
	on},
	year = {2010},
	pages = {73-80},
	publisher = {IEEE Computer Society},
	note = {Best SocialCom Conference Paper Award},
	abstract = {Vehicles will exchange much information in the future in order to
	efficiently maintain their inner model of the environment. Before
	they can belief received pieces of information, they must evaluate
	their reliability. Trust is a mechanism to estimate this reliability
	based on the sender. As cars often drive the same route, they meet
	each other again and again. They can establish friendship-like relations
	and thus are embedded in a social structure. A trust model depends
	on this social structure. For this reason, we simulate the driving
	pattern of a small town. Within this simulation, all cars are equipped
	with a trust model that continuously monitors the experiences made
	with others. The developed model focuses on direct experiences of
	the individual and not on a system-wide reputation which would depend
	on a central unit. It continuously evaluates the performance and
	reputation of other cars and includes a feedback loop to faster adapt
	to changes in the other�s behaviour. To make a decision out of the
	collected data, the model uses the capacity of the binary error and
	erasure channel from information theory. This capacity provides a
	better decision criterion than the traditional expectation value.
	The proposed trust model is an individual-level model; nonetheless
	it can be connected to a system-wide reputation mechanism.},
	doi = {10.1109/SocialCom.2010.20},
	keywords = {V2X, sumo, Technische Universit�t M�nchen, Fidens, automobiles, road
	traffic, security of data, telecommunication security, belief theory,
	cars, driving pattern, vehicular network, social structure, trust
	model},
	url = {http://mediatum.ub.tum.de/node?id=997457}
}


Copy

Vehicles will exchange much information in the future in order to efficiently maintain their inner model of the environment. Before they can belief received pieces of information, they must evaluate their reliability. Trust is a mechanism to estimate this reliability based on the sender. As cars often drive the same route, they meet each other again and again. They can establish friendship-like relations and thus are embedded in a social structure. A trust model depends on this social structure. For this reason, we simulate the driving pattern of a small town. Within this simulation, all cars are equipped with a trust model that continuously monitors the experiences made with others. The developed model focuses on direct experiences of the individual and not on a system-wide reputation which would depend on a central unit. It continuously evaluates the performance and reputation of other cars and includes a feedback loop to faster adapt to changes in the other�s behaviour. To make a decision out of the collected data, the model uses the capacity of the binary error and erasure channel from information theory. This capacity provides a better decision criterion than the traditional expectation value. The proposed trust model is an individual-level model; nonetheless it can be connected to a system-wide reputation mechanism.

@inproceedings{Behrisch2010a,
	author = {Michael Behrisch and Jakob Erdmann and Daniel Krajzewicz},
	booktitle = {MESM 2010},
	title = {Adding intermodality to the microscopic simulation package SUMO},
	year = {2010},
	month = {Dezember},
	abstract = {It is shown how the traffc simulation SUMO which traditionally focused
	on individual road traffc could be extended to serve the purpose
	of a general traffic simulation (including transport of individual
	persons) while retaining most of in- and output formats and the performance
	of the original system.},
	file = {:http\://elib.dlr.de/65964/1/intermodalSumo.pdf:URL},
	groups = {presentation, inter-modality, TS, assigned2groups},
	keywords = {Traffic, Microsimulation, Intermodal, SUMO},
	owner = {Daniel},
	timestamp = {2011.12.02},
	url = {http://elib.dlr.de/65964/}
}


Copy

It is shown how the traffc simulation SUMO which traditionally focused on individual road traffc could be extended to serve the purpose of a general traffic simulation (including transport of individual persons) while retaining most of in- and output formats and the performance of the original system.

@inproceedings{Behrisch2010,
	author = {Michael Behrisch and Marc Hohloch and Marek Junghans and G\"unter Kuhns and Daniel Krajzewicz and Yun-Pang Wang},
	booktitle = {2010 POLIS CONFERENCE - 'Innovation in transport for sustainable cities and regions'},
	title = {Traffic Management Decision Support based on on-line Data},
	year = {2010},
	month = {November},
	abstract = {Natural disasters, industrial accidents, technological disasters as
	well as terrorist attacks have raised a great attention to road traffic
	management in emergencies and disasters worldwide. The road system
	is the essential infrastructure for mobility and accessibility. It
	is important in daily life and especially in disasters and emergencies.
	Therefore, a successful road traffic management in such situations
	should minimize losses in life and goods as well as economical losses
	and assets through incident prevention, mitigation, preparedness,
	response and recovery.

	Based on this concern, the German Aerospace Center has been continuously
	undertaking the development of a real-time web-based decision support
	system within four R&D projects, WJT2005, Soccer2006, DELPHI and
	VABENE, since 2005. A pilot version of the new portal has already
	been established in the demonstration region Munich in 2007.

	This system mainly aims to - establish a shared online traffic information
	platform and decision-making support tool for the law enforcement
	and emergency services - use available traffic information as best
	as possible for online traffic monitoring and evaluation, and - provide
	accurate traffic forecasting for supporting the decision-making in
	traffic management.},
	groups = {used, GF4BOS, simulation packages, surveillance, airborne, cameras, forecast, TS, assigned2groups},
	keywords = {online traffic management, decision support system},
	owner = {Daniel},
	timestamp = {2011.12.02},
	url = {http://elib.dlr.de/65965/}
}


Copy

Natural disasters, industrial accidents, technological disasters as well as terrorist attacks have raised a great attention to road traffic management in emergencies and disasters worldwide. The road system is the essential infrastructure for mobility and accessibility. It is important in daily life and especially in disasters and emergencies. Therefore, a successful road traffic management in such situations should minimize losses in life and goods as well as economical losses and assets through incident prevention, mitigation, preparedness, response and recovery. Based on this concern, the German Aerospace Center has been continuously undertaking the development of a real-time web-based decision support system within four R&D projects, WJT2005, Soccer2006, DELPHI and VABENE, since 2005. A pilot version of the new portal has already been established in the demonstration region Munich in 2007. This system mainly aims to - establish a shared online traffic information platform and decision-making support tool for the law enforcement and emergency services - use available traffic information as best as possible for online traffic monitoring and evaluation, and - provide accurate traffic forecasting for supporting the decision-making in traffic management.

@incollection{dlr81244,
	author = {Michael Behrisch and Daniel Krajzewicz and Peter Wagner and Yun-Pang Wang},
	publisher = {Edward Elgar Publishing Limited},
	title = {Comparing Performance and Quality of Traffic Assignments for Microscopic Simulation},
	year = {2010},
	editor = {Chris M.J. Tampere and Francesco Viti and Lambertus H. (Ben) Immers},
	pages = {361--386},
	groups = {pollution},
	journal = {New Developments in Transport Planning - Advances in Dynamic Traffic Assignment},
	keywords = {dynamic traffic assignment, traffic simulation},
	owner = {dkrajzew},
	timestamp = {2014.01.08},
	url = {http://elib.dlr.de/81244/}
}


Copy

@inproceedings{Bieker2010,
	author = {Laura Bieker and Daniel Krajzewicz and Matthias R\"ockl and Hans Capelle},
	booktitle = {Intelligent Transport Systems Telecommunications (ITST2010)},
	title = {Derivation of a fast, approximating 802.11p simulation model},
	year = {2010},
	month = {November},
	abstract = {This paper gives an overview of the development of a fast, approximating
	model of vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2X)
	communication. Large-scale traffic simulations need to be fast, and
	the lack of supporting this feature by common communication simulators
	makes the development of a new one necessary. In a vehicular system,
	packet error rate can be significant; hence models that consider
	error characteristics are desirable. Our work considers communication
	models that approximate the radio propagation characteristics in
	a realistic way without compromising simulation speed.},
	groups = {used, Pre-Drive C2X, communication models, own (DLR), TS, IMEC, assigned2groups},
	keywords = {V2X communication, Traffic simulation, Radio Propagation, Packet Error Rate},
	owner = {Daniel},
	timestamp = {2011.12.02},
	url = {http://elib.dlr.de/66094/}
}


Copy

This paper gives an overview of the development of a fast, approximating model of vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2X) communication. Large-scale traffic simulations need to be fast, and the lack of supporting this feature by common communication simulators makes the development of a new one necessary. In a vehicular system, packet error rate can be significant; hence models that consider error characteristics are desirable. Our work considers communication models that approximate the radio propagation characteristics in a realistic way without compromising simulation speed.

@inproceedings{Blokpoel2010,
	author = {Robbin Blokpoel and Daniel Krajzewicz and Ronald Nippold},
	booktitle = {13th International IEEE Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC)},
	title = {Unambiguous metrics for evaluation of traffic networks},
	year = {2010},
	month = {September},
	abstract = {This paper presents an extensive set of unambiguous metrics that can
	be used for evaluation of new ITS applications. Currently in the
	literature most authors define their own metrics and small differences
	in definitions can lead to confusion when comparing the results.
	To derive the set of metrics presented in this paper, several steps
	have been taken. First, a list has been made with all metrics known
	by the research partners. Afterwards, a set of base measures has
	been defined. Using that set, clear formulas for all metrics have
	been derived and are reported in this paper. Finally, an application
	example about a cooperative traffic light controller is given.},
	groups = {iTETRIS, metrics, pollution, TS, Peek Traffic, assigned2groups},
	keywords = {simulation, performance indicators, performance metrics, traffic science, traffic management},
	owner = {Daniel},
	timestamp = {2011.12.02},
	url = {http://elib.dlr.de/67734/}
}


Copy

This paper presents an extensive set of unambiguous metrics that can be used for evaluation of new ITS applications. Currently in the literature most authors define their own metrics and small differences in definitions can lead to confusion when comparing the results. To derive the set of metrics presented in this paper, several steps have been taken. First, a list has been made with all metrics known by the research partners. Afterwards, a set of base measures has been defined. Using that set, clear formulas for all metrics have been derived and are reported in this paper. Finally, an application example about a cooperative traffic light controller is given.

@mastersthesis{Heppner2010,
	author = {Matthias Heppner},
	title = {Einf�hrung von Unit Tests in das bestehende C++ Softwaresystem SUMO},
	school = {Humboldt-Universit�t zu Berlin},
	year = {2010},
	month = {January},
	owner = {behr_mi},
	timestamp = {2011.12.05},
	url = {http://www2.informatik.hu-berlin.de/swt/dipl/MatthiasHeppner.2010.pdf}
}


Copy

@inbook{Krajzewicz2010b,
	author = {Daniel Krajzewicz},
	editor = {Jaume Barcel\'o},
	pages = {269--294},
	publisher = {Springer},
	title = {Traffic Simulation with SUMO - Simulation of Urban Mobility},
	year = {2010},
	month = {October},
	series = {International Series in Operations Research and Management Science},
	groups = {presentation, car-following, lane changing, pollution, simulation packages, TS, assigned2groups},
	journal = {Fundamentals of Traffic Simulation},
	keywords = {traffic simulation, sumo},
	owner = {Daniel},
	timestamp = {2011.12.02},
	url = {http://elib.dlr.de/66135/}
}


Copy

@inproceedings{Krajzewicz2010a,
	author = {Daniel Krajzewicz and Laura Bieker},
	booktitle = {NEARCTIS 3rd Workshop},
	title = {Investigating Ecological Impacts on selected Traffic Management Methods},
	year = {2010},
	month = {Juni},
	abstract = {Within the iTETRIS project, the used SUMO traffic simulation was extended
	by models for computing the emissions of pollutants CO, CO2, HC,
	PMx, and NOx, as well as for computing the fuel consumption on a
	microscopic, per-vehicle, base. The emission model was based on the
	HBEFA (?Handbuch der Emissionsfaktoren?) database which covers a
	large variety of vehicle types, considering differences between passenger
	and heavy duty vehicles, the engine displacement, the fuel type,
	and the EURO emission norm of the vehicles. This database was reformulated
	into a microscopic model which uses the vehicle class, the vehicle?s
	speed and the vehicle?s acceleration for computing the amount of
	a certain pollutant?s emission within one discrete time step. The
	kind of this model?s embedding within SUMO allows to collect and
	to evaluate the ecological impacts of traffic management strategies
	on per-vehicle, per-lane, and per-road base. Using this information,
	two sub-topics of traffic management were addressed: ecological routing
	and the ecological impacts of traffic lights.},
	groups = {used, iTETRIS, TLS, metrics, pollution, TS, assigned2groups},
	keywords = {traffic management, ecological issues, navigation, traffic lights},
	owner = {Daniel},
	timestamp = {2011.12.02},
	url = {http://elib.dlr.de/64840/}
}


Copy

Within the iTETRIS project, the used SUMO traffic simulation was extended by models for computing the emissions of pollutants CO, CO2, HC, PMx, and NOx, as well as for computing the fuel consumption on a microscopic, per-vehicle, base. The emission model was based on the HBEFA (?Handbuch der Emissionsfaktoren?) database which covers a large variety of vehicle types, considering differences between passenger and heavy duty vehicles, the engine displacement, the fuel type, and the EURO emission norm of the vehicles. This database was reformulated into a microscopic model which uses the vehicle class, the vehicle?s speed and the vehicle?s acceleration for computing the amount of a certain pollutant?s emission within one discrete time step. The kind of this model?s embedding within SUMO allows to collect and to evaluate the ecological impacts of traffic management strategies on per-vehicle, per-lane, and per-road base. Using this information, two sub-topics of traffic management were addressed: ecological routing and the ecological impacts of traffic lights.

@inproceedings{Krajzewicz2010,
	author = {Daniel Krajzewicz and Robbin Blokpoel and Fabio Cartolano and Pasquale Cataldi and Ainara Gonzalez and Oscar Lazaro and J\'er\'emie Leguay and Lan Lin and Julen Maneros and Michele Rondinone},
	booktitle = {AMAA 2010},
	title = {iTETRIS - A System for the Evaluation of Cooperative Traffic Management Solutions},
	year = {2010},
	editor = {Gereon Meyer and J\"urgen Valldorf},
	month = {Mai},
	pages = {399--410},
	publisher = {Springer},
	series = {VDI-Buch},
	abstract = {V2X communication - communication between vehicles (V2V) and between
	vehicles and infrastructure (V2I) - promises new methods for traffic
	management by supplying new data and by opening new ways to inform
	drivers about the current situation on the roads. Currently, V2X
	cooperative systems are under development, forced by both the industry
	and by the European Commission which supports the development as
	a part of its Intelligent Car Initiative. Within this publication,
	"iTETRIS", a new system for simulating V2X-based traffic management
	applications is described which aims on high-quality simulations
	of large areas. This is achieved by coupling two well-known open
	source simulators. The sustainability of the project is guaranteed
	by making the whole also available as an open source tool.},
	groups = {mentioned, iTETRIS, applications, ns-3, TS, Peek Traffic, EURECOM, HITACHI, Thales, UMH, Innovalia Association, CBT, COBO, assigned2groups},
	journal = {Advanced Microsystems for Automotive Applications 2010},
	keywords = {V2X communication, simulation, traffic management},
	owner = {Daniel},
	timestamp = {2011.12.02},
	url = {http://elib.dlr.de/64340/}
}


Copy

V2X communication - communication between vehicles (V2V) and between vehicles and infrastructure (V2I) - promises new methods for traffic management by supplying new data and by opening new ways to inform drivers about the current situation on the roads. Currently, V2X cooperative systems are under development, forced by both the industry and by the European Commission which supports the development as a part of its Intelligent Car Initiative. Within this publication, "iTETRIS", a new system for simulating V2X-based traffic management applications is described which aims on high-quality simulations of large areas. This is achieved by coupling two well-known open source simulators. The sustainability of the project is guaranteed by making the whole also available as an open source tool.

@inproceedings{Tielert2010,
	author = {Tielert, T. and Killat, M. and Hartenstein, H. and Luz, R. and Hausberger, S. and Benz, T.},
	booktitle = {Internet of Things (IOT), 2010},
	title = {The impact of traffic-light-to-vehicle communication on fuel consumption and emissions},
	year = {2010},
	month = {29 2010-dec. 1},
	pages = {1 -8},
	abstract = {#x201C;Smart #x201D; vehicles of the future are envisioned to aid
	their drivers in reducing fuel consumption and emissions by wirelessly
	receiving phase-shifting information of the traffic lights in their
	vicinity and computing an optimized speed in order to avoid braking
	and acceleration maneuvers. Previous studies have demonstrated the
	potential environmental benefit in small-scale simulation scenarios.
	To assess the overall benefit, large-scale simulations are required.
	In order to ensure computational feasibility, the applied simulation
	models need to be simplified as far as possible without sacrificing
	credibility. Therefore this work presents the results of a sensitivity
	analysis and identifies gear choice and the distance from the traffic
	light at which vehicles are informed as key influencing factors.
	Our results indicate that a suboptimal gear choice can void the benefits
	of the speed adaptation. Furthermore, we present first results of
	a scale-up simulation using a real-world inner-city road network
	and discuss the range in which we expect the saving in fuel consumption
	to be in reality.},
	doi = {10.1109/IOT.2010.5678454},
	file = {:http\://www.caad.arch.ethz.ch/noolab/files/external/conferences/IoT2010_proceedings/pdf/Conference/GreenIoT/C3.pdf:URL},
	groups = {GLOSA, assigned2groups, documentAssigned, dkrajzew:6},
	keywords = {fuel consumption;phase shifting information;smart vehicles;traffic lights;traffic-light-to-vehicle communication;mobile communication;phase shifters;},
	owner = {dkrajzew},
	timestamp = {2012.01.26}
}


Copy

#x201C;Smart #x201D; vehicles of the future are envisioned to aid their drivers in reducing fuel consumption and emissions by wirelessly receiving phase-shifting information of the traffic lights in their vicinity and computing an optimized speed in order to avoid braking and acceleration maneuvers. Previous studies have demonstrated the potential environmental benefit in small-scale simulation scenarios. To assess the overall benefit, large-scale simulations are required. In order to ensure computational feasibility, the applied simulation models need to be simplified as far as possible without sacrificing credibility. Therefore this work presents the results of a sensitivity analysis and identifies gear choice and the distance from the traffic light at which vehicles are informed as key influencing factors. Our results indicate that a suboptimal gear choice can void the benefits of the speed adaptation. Furthermore, we present first results of a scale-up simulation using a real-world inner-city road network and discuss the range in which we expect the saving in fuel consumption to be in reality.

@inproceedings{dlr65940,
	author = {Yun-Pang Wang and Peter Wagner and Michael Behrisch},
	booktitle = {3rd NEARCTIS workshop},
	title = {Towards a dynamic system optimum based on the simulated traffic data in the microscopic traffic simulation},
	year = {2010},
	month = {Juni},
	abstract = {Microscopic traffic simulation has been applied since decades in order
	to better describing both drivers? behaviors and interactive effects
	among network infrastructure, drivers and traffic control applications.
	Furthermore, it is also used as an evaluation tool for analyzing
	influences of proposed management strategies and traffic-related
	telematics technologies on network performances, such as efficiency
	and safety. Achieving a system optimum in a road network is the main
	concern of traffic managers at all times, although most road users
	tend to make the route choice decision which is best suitable for
	their journeys in practice. The main difference between system optimum
	and user equilibrium is the marginal total travel costs, i.e. travel
	times, which are the costs that an additional road user causes to
	the other road users already in the network during the analysis period.

	Generally, travel times can be determined, i.e. approximated, by given
	link travel time functions, which are functions of link flows. The
	functional forms and respective parameters of the most travel time
	functions are derived from empirical data. This approach has been
	extensively applied in the macroscopic traffic modeling and the dynamic
	traffic assignment modeling. Therefore, respective marginal costs
	can be obtained by calculating the corresponding derivatives. However,
	such travel time functions and their derivates are not required and
	also not applied in a microscopic simulation, since the travel time,
	travel flows and other parameters are directly measured in a simulation.
	In this study, how to define and calculate marginal costs with use
	of the simulated data is investigated.},
	groups = {pollution},
	keywords = {system optimum, SUMO, microscopic traffic simulation},
	owner = {dkrajzew},
	timestamp = {2014.01.08},
	url = {http://elib.dlr.de/65940/}
}


Copy

Microscopic traffic simulation has been applied since decades in order to better describing both drivers? behaviors and interactive effects among network infrastructure, drivers and traffic control applications. Furthermore, it is also used as an evaluation tool for analyzing influences of proposed management strategies and traffic-related telematics technologies on network performances, such as efficiency and safety. Achieving a system optimum in a road network is the main concern of traffic managers at all times, although most road users tend to make the route choice decision which is best suitable for their journeys in practice. The main difference between system optimum and user equilibrium is the marginal total travel costs, i.e. travel times, which are the costs that an additional road user causes to the other road users already in the network during the analysis period. Generally, travel times can be determined, i.e. approximated, by given link travel time functions, which are functions of link flows. The functional forms and respective parameters of the most travel time functions are derived from empirical data. This approach has been extensively applied in the macroscopic traffic modeling and the dynamic traffic assignment modeling. Therefore, respective marginal costs can be obtained by calculating the corresponding derivatives. However, such travel time functions and their derivates are not required and also not applied in a microscopic simulation, since the travel time, travel flows and other parameters are directly measured in a simulation. In this study, how to define and calculate marginal costs with use of the simulated data is investigated.

@inproceedings{Behrisch2009a,
	author = {Michael Behrisch and Michael Bonert and Daniel Hinkeldein and Daniel Krajzewicz and G\"unter Kuhns and Yun-Pang Wang},
	booktitle = {ITS World Congress 2009},
	title = {DELPHI - a joint web decision support application for real time traffic situation analysis and prognosis, information exchange and cooperation},
	year = {2009},
	abstract = {This paper describes DELPHI, a pilot version of a joint web decision
	support application for real time traffic situation and prognosis,
	information exchange and cooperation between the Traffic Management
	Center, Emergency Rescue Services, the Police and the Emergency Call
	Center. In two demonstration regions in Germany, Cologne and Munich
	the R&D project started in 2007. The main purpose is to handle major
	incidents that affect the transportation situation in conurbation
	areas. The web application is intended to help task force members
	at different stakeholders to obtain a common and joint overview.
	DELPHI also allows to coordinate tactical measures among the task
	forces.},
	groups = {used, DELPHI, surveillance, airborne, cameras, forecast, TS, assigned2groups},
	keywords = {decision support, TMC, Traffic Management Center, incident management, ITS, Intelligent Transportation System},
	owner = {Daniel},
	timestamp = {2011.12.02},
	url = {http://elib.dlr.de/62187/}
}


Copy

This paper describes DELPHI, a pilot version of a joint web decision support application for real time traffic situation and prognosis, information exchange and cooperation between the Traffic Management Center, Emergency Rescue Services, the Police and the Emergency Call Center. In two demonstration regions in Germany, Cologne and Munich the R&D project started in 2007. The main purpose is to handle major incidents that affect the transportation situation in conurbation areas. The web application is intended to help task force members at different stakeholders to obtain a common and joint overview. DELPHI also allows to coordinate tactical measures among the task forces.

@inproceedings{Behrisch2009,
	author = {Michael Behrisch and Daniel Krajzewicz and Ronald Nippold and Yun-Pang Wang},
	booktitle = {2nd NEARCTIS workshop 2009},
	title = {Simulation of Urban MObility},
	year = {2009},
	groups = {presentation, simulation packages, TS, assigned2groups},
	keywords = {traffic simulation},
	owner = {Daniel},
	timestamp = {2011.12.02},
	url = {http://elib.dlr.de/62188/}
}


Copy

@inproceedings{dlr62189,
	author = {Gunnar Fl{\"o}tter{\"o}d and Daniel Krajzewicz and Yun-Pang Wang and Michael Behrisch and Peter Wagner},
	booktitle = {2nd NEARCTIS workshop 2009},
	title = {Disaggregate route choice estimation for the SUMO traffic microsimulator with the Cadyts calibration tool for improved traffic management},
	year = {2009},
	file = {poster:http\://elib.dlr.de/62189/1/Nearctis_RouteChoiceEstimation_poster.pdf:URL},
	groups = {pollution},
	keywords = {route choice},
	owner = {dkrajzew},
	timestamp = {2014.01.08},
	url = {http://elib.dlr.de/62189/}
}


Copy

@inproceedings{GOZALVEZ2009,
	author = {Javier GOZALVEZ and Siebe TURKSMA and Lan LIN and Oscar LAZARO and Fabio CARTOLANO and Eric ROBERT and Daniel KRAJZEWICZ and Ramon BAUZA and Fethi FILALI and Matthias R\"OCKL and Jeremie LEGUAY and Carlo MICHELACCI and Jaap VREESWIJK and Julen MANEROS and Ainara GONZALEZ and Massimiliano LENARDI},
	booktitle = {ICT-MobileSummit 2009},
	title = {iTETRIS: the Framework for Large-Scale Research on the Impact of Cooperative Wireless Vehicular Communications Systems in Traffic Efficiency},
	year = {2009},
	abstract = {Cooperative vehicular ICT systems have been identified as an attractive
	technology to improve traffic management and safety, while providing
	Internet on the move. To achieve these objectives, cooperative vehicular
	communication systems allow the dynamic exchange of messages between
	vehicles, and between vehicles and infrastructure. To ensure the
	efficiency of cooperative vehicular ICT systems, it is crucial that
	the communication protocols are adequately designed and optimised,
	and that the applications using such communication capabilities are
	tested under realistic conditions. In this context, this paper presents
	the EU-funded iTETRIS platform that is being created to allow for
	a realistic and accurate evaluation of the design and impact of cooperative
	vehicular communication systems and traffic management policies under
	realistic large-scale scenarios.},
	groups = {mentioned, iTETRIS, ns-3, TS, Peek Traffic, EURECOM, HITACHI, Thales, UMH, Innovalia Association, CBT, COBO, assigned2groups},
	keywords = {Cooperative vehicular ICT, wireless communications, heterogeneous systems, simulation platform, traffic management.},
	owner = {Daniel},
	timestamp = {2011.12.02},
	url = {http://elib.dlr.de/62037/}
}


Copy

Cooperative vehicular ICT systems have been identified as an attractive technology to improve traffic management and safety, while providing Internet on the move. To achieve these objectives, cooperative vehicular communication systems allow the dynamic exchange of messages between vehicles, and between vehicles and infrastructure. To ensure the efficiency of cooperative vehicular ICT systems, it is crucial that the communication protocols are adequately designed and optimised, and that the applications using such communication capabilities are tested under realistic conditions. In this context, this paper presents the EU-funded iTETRIS platform that is being created to allow for a realistic and accurate evaluation of the design and impact of cooperative vehicular communication systems and traffic management policies under realistic large-scale scenarios.

@inproceedings{Greenwood:2009:GDT:1558109.1558322,
	author = {Dominic Greenwood and Branislav Burdiliak and Ivan Trencansky and
	Hartmut Armbruster and Christian Dannegger},
	title = {GreenWave distributed traffic intersection control},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of The 8th International Conference on Autonomous Agents
	and Multiagent Systems - Volume 2},
	year = {2009},
	series = {AAMAS '09},
	pages = {1413--1414},
	address = {Richland, SC},
	publisher = {International Foundation for Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems},
	acmid = {1558322},
	isbn = {978-0-9817381-7-8},
	keywords = {distributed multiagent traffic intersection phase control, emergent
	green wave, video camera sensor},
	location = {Budapest, Hungary},
	numpages = {2},
	url = {http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1558109.1558322}
}


Copy

@inproceedings{Kerekes2009,
	author = {{Kerekes}, J.~P. and {Presnar}, M.~D. and {Fourspring}, K.~D. and {Ninkov}, Z. and {Pogorzala}, D.~R. and {Raisanen}, A.~D. and {Rice}, A.~C. and {Vasquez}, J.~R. and {Patel}, J.~P. and {MacIntyre}, R.~T. and {Brown}, S.~D.},
	booktitle = {Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE) Conference Series},
	title = {{Sensor modeling and demonstration of a multi-object spectrometer for performance-driven sensing}},
	year = {2009},
	month = {may},
	series = {Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE) Conference Series},
	volume = {7334},
	adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System},
	adsurl = {http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009SPIE.7334E..17K},
	doi = {10.1117/12.819265},
	groups = {used, surveillance, cameras, FOKUS, Rochester Institute of Technology, Air Force Institute of Technology, Numerica Corp., assigned2groups},
	keywords = {surveillance, Numerica Corporation, Air Force Institute of Technology, Rochester Institute of Technology},
	owner = {dkrajzew},
	timestamp = {2011.09.19}
}


Copy

@misc{Krajzewicz2009a,
	author = {Daniel Krajzewicz},
	title = {Kombination von taktischen und strategischen Einfl\"ussen in einer mikroskopischen Verkehrsflusssimulation},
	year = {2009},
	abstract = {Eine mikroskopische Verkehrsflusssimulation gro?er Areale kann nur
	realit?tsnah durchge-f?hrt werden, wenn der Algorithmus zur Spurwahl
	sowohl taktische als auch strategische Ent-scheidungen des Fahrers
	umsetzt. Innerhalb dieser Arbeit wird das aktuell (Stand Juni 2008)
	in der freien, mikroskopischen Verkehrsflusssimulation ?SUMO? implementierte
	Modell vorgestellt und besprochen, welches beide Ebenen vereint.},
	editor = {Thomas J\"urgensohn and Harald Kolrep},
	groups = {presentation, lane changing, TS, assigned2groups},
	journal = {Fahrermodellierung in Wissenschaft und Wirtschaft, 2. Berliner Fachtagung f\"ur Fahrermodellierung},
	keywords = {mikroskopische Verkehrsflusssimulation, Spurwechsel},
	number = {28},
	owner = {Daniel},
	pages = {104--115},
	publisher = {VDI-Verlag},
	series = {Verein Deutscher Ingenieure [Fortschritt-Berichte VDI / 22]: Fortschritt-Berichte / VDI ; Nr. 28 : Reihe 22, Mensch-Maschine-Systeme},
	timestamp = {2011.12.02},
	url = {http://elib.dlr.de/58663/}
}


Copy

Eine mikroskopische Verkehrsflusssimulation gro?er Areale kann nur realit?tsnah durchge-f?hrt werden, wenn der Algorithmus zur Spurwahl sowohl taktische als auch strategische Ent-scheidungen des Fahrers umsetzt. Innerhalb dieser Arbeit wird das aktuell (Stand Juni 2008) in der freien, mikroskopischen Verkehrsflusssimulation ?SUMO? implementierte Modell vorgestellt und besprochen, welches beide Ebenen vereint.

@inproceedings{Krajzewicz2009,
	author = {Daniel Krajzewicz and Ronald Nippold},
	booktitle = {2nd NEARCTIS workshop 2009},
	title = {iTETRIS: An integrated tool set for evaluation of large-scale traffic management application based on vehicular communication},
	year = {2009},
	groups = {mentioned, iTETRIS, ns-3, TS, assigned2groups},
	keywords = {traffic simulation, network (communication) simulation},
	owner = {Daniel},
	timestamp = {2011.12.02},
	url = {http://elib.dlr.de/62588/}
}


Copy

@techreport{Krajzewicz2009b,
	author = {Krajzewicz, Daniel and Nippold, Ronald and Lazaro, Oscar},
	institution = {iTETRIS consortium},
	title = {Traffic Modelling: Environmental Factors},
	year = {2009},
	month = {February},
	type = {Deliverable to the European Commission},
	groups = {presentation, iTETRIS, pollution, TS, Innovalia Association},
	owner = {dkrajzew},
	timestamp = {2014.01.08}
}


Copy

@inproceedings{Maneros2009,
	author = {Julen Maneros and Michele Rondinone and Ainara Gonzalez and Ramon Bauza and Daniel Krajzewicz},
	booktitle = {ITS-T 2009},
	title = {iTETRIS Platform Architecture for the Integration of Cooperative Traffic and Wireless Simulations},
	year = {2009},
	abstract = {The use of cooperative wireless communications can support driving
	through dynamic exchange of Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) and Vehicle-to-Infrastructure
	(V2I) messages. Traffic applications based on such systems will be
	able to generate a safer, faster, cheaper and cleaner way for people
	and goods to move. In this context, the iTERIS project aims at providing
	the framework to combine traffic mobility and wireless communication
	simulations for large scale testing of traffic management solutions
	based on cooperative systems. This paper addresses the description
	and explanation of the implementation choices taken to build a modular
	and interoperable architecture integrating heterogeneous traffic
	and wireless simulators, and application algorithms supporting traffic
	management strategies. The functions of an ?in-between? control system
	for managing correct simulation executions over the platform are
	presented. The inter-block interaction procedures identified to ensure
	optimum data transfer for simulation efficiency are also introduced.},
	groups = {mentioned, iTETRIS, ns-3, TS, UMH, Innovalia Association, CBT, assigned2groups},
	journal = {Proceedings of the 9th IEEE International Conference on ITS Telecommunications},
	keywords = {simulation platform, architecture, vehicular communications, traffic, modularity},
	owner = {Daniel},
	timestamp = {2011.12.02},
	url = {http://elib.dlr.de/62604/}
}


Copy

The use of cooperative wireless communications can support driving through dynamic exchange of Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) and Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) messages. Traffic applications based on such systems will be able to generate a safer, faster, cheaper and cleaner way for people and goods to move. In this context, the iTERIS project aims at providing the framework to combine traffic mobility and wireless communication simulations for large scale testing of traffic management solutions based on cooperative systems. This paper addresses the description and explanation of the implementation choices taken to build a modular and interoperable architecture integrating heterogeneous traffic and wireless simulators, and application algorithms supporting traffic management strategies. The functions of an ?in-between? control system for managing correct simulation executions over the platform are presented. The inter-block interaction procedures identified to ensure optimum data transfer for simulation efficiency are also introduced.

@inproceedings{Rondinone2009,
	author = {Michele Rondinone and Oscar Lazaro and Carlo Michelacci and Daniel Krajzewicz and Robbin Blokpoel and Julen Maneros and Lan Lin and Fatma Hrizi and J\'er\'emie Leguay and Matthias R\"ockl},
	booktitle = {POLIS 2009},
	title = {Investigating the Efficiency of ITS Cooperative Systems for a Better Use of Urban Transport Infrastructures: The iTETRIS Simulation Platform},
	year = {2009},
	month = {Dezember},
	abstract = {The use of cooperative ITS communication systems, supporting driving
	through the dynamic exchange of Vehicle-to- Vehicle (V2V) and Vehicle-to-Infrastructure
	(V2I) messages, is a potential candidate to improve the economical
	and societal welfare. The application of such systems for novel cooperative
	traffic management strategies can introduce a lot of beneficial effects
	not only for road safety, but also for the economy related to transportation
	systems and the environmental impact. Despite this apparent set of
	promising features, City Road Authorities, which hold a key-role
	in determining the final adoption of such systems, still look at
	cooperative systems without sharing a clear opinion. This is mainly
	due to the current lack of definitive and solid evidences of the
	effectiveness of such systems when applied in the real world. In
	order to fill this gap and let Road Authorities estimate the usefulness
	of such technologies in achieving the objectives dictated by cities?
	traffic management policies, the EU consortium iTETRIS is developing
	a simulation platform for large scale testing of traffic management
	solutions making use of cooperative ITS systems. Thanks to its own
	distinguishing features, iTETRIS aims at becoming a good supporting
	tool for Road Authorities to implement preliminary tests on the effectiveness
	of ITS solutions prior to investing money for the physical deployment
	of the communication infrastructures allowing their functioning.},
	groups = {mentioned, iTETRIS, ns-3, EURECOM, HITACHI, Thales, UMH, Innovalia Association, CBT, COBO, assigned2groups},
	journal = {Proceedings of the Polis Conference 2009 - European Cities and Regions Networking for Innovative Transport Solutions},
	keywords = {vehicular communication, simulation},
	owner = {Daniel},
	timestamp = {2011.12.02},
	url = {http://elib.dlr.de/62610/}
}


Copy

The use of cooperative ITS communication systems, supporting driving through the dynamic exchange of Vehicle-to- Vehicle (V2V) and Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) messages, is a potential candidate to improve the economical and societal welfare. The application of such systems for novel cooperative traffic management strategies can introduce a lot of beneficial effects not only for road safety, but also for the economy related to transportation systems and the environmental impact. Despite this apparent set of promising features, City Road Authorities, which hold a key-role in determining the final adoption of such systems, still look at cooperative systems without sharing a clear opinion. This is mainly due to the current lack of definitive and solid evidences of the effectiveness of such systems when applied in the real world. In order to fill this gap and let Road Authorities estimate the usefulness of such technologies in achieving the objectives dictated by cities? traffic management policies, the EU consortium iTETRIS is developing a simulation platform for large scale testing of traffic management solutions making use of cooperative ITS systems. Thanks to its own distinguishing features, iTETRIS aims at becoming a good supporting tool for Road Authorities to implement preliminary tests on the effectiveness of ITS solutions prior to investing money for the physical deployment of the communication infrastructures allowing their functioning.

@inproceedings{dlr62716,
	author = {Yun-Pang Wang and Bernhard Friedrich},
	booktitle = {Transportation Research Board 2009 Annual Meeting},
	title = {Improving matrix estimation pertaining to detailed traffic information and sophisticated traffic state},
	year = {2009},
	month = {Januar},
	publisher = {Transportation Research Board},
	abstract = {Technical innovation and extensive application of adaptive signal
	control at intersections have made turning flow information that
	provide more precise constraints for Origin-Destination matrix (O-D
	matrix) estimation easily available in great quantity and more accurate
	than ever. However, the influence of turning flow and duplication
	of information on the existing matrix estimation models and on the
	accuracy of O-D matrix estimation has not been broadly investigated.
	Also, traffic phenomenon in networks becomes complicated and difficult
	to explain with the increase in number of vehicles, variety of daily
	activities and sophisticated travel behaviors. As such, general congested
	traffic state as well as diverse travelers? perception about travel
	time should be taken into consideration in O-D matrix estimation
	models. In this paper, the influence of applying finer and duplicated
	flow information as well as route choice proportion estimates on
	the performance of the Information minimization (IM) and the modified
	IM models were examined. It has shown that duplicate information
	has adverse effect on the accuracy of matrix estimation, whereas
	additional turning flow information can improve estimation accuracy.
	Based on the examination results a methodology using the IM model,
	the stochastic user equilibrium (SUE) assignment and the information
	screening process, was proposed to optimize the goodness of estimation
	and enhance the IM model to deal with the traffic situation more
	realistically. The respective convergence and required computation
	time were also examined. Furthermore, an empirical route choice study
	was conducted in order to help determining the size of a route set
	used in the SUE assignment model.},
	groups = {pollution},
	journal = {Compendium of TRB 88th Annual Meeting},
	keywords = {matrix estimation, SUE, information minimization, entropy maximization},
	owner = {dkrajzew},
	timestamp = {2014.01.08},
	url = {http://elib.dlr.de/62716/}
}


Copy

Technical innovation and extensive application of adaptive signal control at intersections have made turning flow information that provide more precise constraints for Origin-Destination matrix (O-D matrix) estimation easily available in great quantity and more accurate than ever. However, the influence of turning flow and duplication of information on the existing matrix estimation models and on the accuracy of O-D matrix estimation has not been broadly investigated. Also, traffic phenomenon in networks becomes complicated and difficult to explain with the increase in number of vehicles, variety of daily activities and sophisticated travel behaviors. As such, general congested traffic state as well as diverse travelers? perception about travel time should be taken into consideration in O-D matrix estimation models. In this paper, the influence of applying finer and duplicated flow information as well as route choice proportion estimates on the performance of the Information minimization (IM) and the modified IM models were examined. It has shown that duplicate information has adverse effect on the accuracy of matrix estimation, whereas additional turning flow information can improve estimation accuracy. Based on the examination results a methodology using the IM model, the stochastic user equilibrium (SUE) assignment and the information screening process, was proposed to optimize the goodness of estimation and enhance the IM model to deal with the traffic situation more realistically. The respective convergence and required computation time were also examined. Furthermore, an empirical route choice study was conducted in order to help determining the size of a route set used in the SUE assignment model.

@phdthesis{Wegener2009,
	author = {Axel Wegener},
	school = {Universit\"at zu L\"ubeck},
	title = {Organic-Computing-Konzepte und deren Umsetzung f�r dezentrale Anwendungen im Stra�enverkehr},
	year = {2009},
	file = {:http\://d-nb.info/997885203/34:URL},
	groups = {used, surveillance, navigation, GLOSA, ns-2, TraCI, Institute of Telematics, assigned2groups, documentAssigned},
	owner = {dkrajzew},
	timestamp = {2012.01.23}
}


Copy

@inproceedings{Bauza2008,
	author = {Bauza, R. and Gozalvez, J. and Sepulcre, M.},
	booktitle = {Vehicular Technology Conference, 2008. VTC 2008-Fall. IEEE 68th},
	title = {Operation and Performance of Vehicular Ad-Hoc Routing Protocols in Realistic Environments},
	year = {2008},
	month = {sept.},
	pages = {1 -5},
	doi = {10.1109/VETECF.2008.450},
	groups = {used, iTETRIS, routing protocols, UMH, assigned2groups},
	issn = {1090-3038},
	keywords = {information dissemination;multihop communications;vehicle-to-infrastructure wireless communications;vehicle-to-vehicle communications;vehicular ad-hoc routing protocols;ad hoc networks;mobile radio;routing protocols;, V2X, UMH, sumo},
	owner = {dkrajzew},
	timestamp = {2011.09.19}
}


Copy

@inproceedings{Behrisch2008,
	author = {Michael Behrisch and Michael Bonert and Elmar Brockfeld and Daniel Krajzewicz and Peter Wagner},
	booktitle = {Third International Symposium of Transport Simulation 2008 (ISTS08)},
	title = {Event traffic forecast for metropolitan areas based on microscopic simulation},
	year = {2008},
	month = {Januar},
	abstract = {It is shown that a traditional travel demand forecast combined with
	a simulationbased approach can serve as a short-term forecast for
	the traffic situation. The approach presented was developed and tested
	during the Soccer World Cup 2006 in the city of Cologne as a service
	for the action forces to react as fast as possible to developing
	aberrations. This paper discusses the merits and the short-comings
	of the approach.},
	file = {:http\://elib.dlr.de/55176/1/eventtrafficSubmitted.pdf:URL},
	groups = {used, Soccer2006, generation, event traffic, mesoscopic, forecast, TS, assigned2groups},
	keywords = {traffic simulation, event traffic, urban traffic},
	owner = {Daniel},
	timestamp = {2011.12.02},
	url = {http://elib.dlr.de/55176/}
}


Copy

It is shown that a traditional travel demand forecast combined with a simulationbased approach can serve as a short-term forecast for the traffic situation. The approach presented was developed and tested during the Soccer World Cup 2006 in the city of Cologne as a service for the action forces to react as fast as possible to developing aberrations. This paper discusses the merits and the short-comings of the approach.

@inproceedings{Behrisch2008b,
	author = {Michael Behrisch and Daniel Krajzewicz and Peter Wagner and Yun-Pang Wang},
	booktitle = {DTA2008 International Symposium on Dynamic Traffic Assignment},
	title = {Comparison of Methods for Increasing the Performance of a DUA Computation},
	year = {2008},
	month = {Mai},
	abstract = {Computing realistic routes for a given road network and a known demand
	of vehicles is one of the most important steps when preparing a road
	traffic simulation. The approach developed by Christian Gawron in
	1998 which we use for this purpose computes a dynamic user equilibrium
	by iteratively performing the simulation and computing new vehicle
	routes. The results are valid, but the computation is very time consuming
	due to the need to perform both the complete simulation and rerouting
	of all vehicles within each iteration step. Herein, we want to discuss
	some approaches to reduce the needed time and memory consumption.
	The results show that this can be achieved without reducing the algorithm?s
	quality.},
	groups = {used, assignment, TS, assigned2groups},
	journal = {Proceedings of DTA2008},
	keywords = {microscopic simulation, traffic assignment, SUE, DUA},
	owner = {Daniel},
	timestamp = {2011.12.02},
	url = {http://elib.dlr.de/55173/}
}


Copy

Computing realistic routes for a given road network and a known demand of vehicles is one of the most important steps when preparing a road traffic simulation. The approach developed by Christian Gawron in 1998 which we use for this purpose computes a dynamic user equilibrium by iteratively performing the simulation and computing new vehicle routes. The results are valid, but the computation is very time consuming due to the need to perform both the complete simulation and rerouting of all vehicles within each iteration step. Herein, we want to discuss some approaches to reduce the needed time and memory consumption. The results show that this can be achieved without reducing the algorithm?s quality.

@inproceedings{Behrisch2008a,
	author = {Michael Behrisch and Daniel Krajzewicz and Yun-Pang Wang},
	booktitle = {DTA2008 International Symposium on Dynamic Traffic Assignment},
	title = {Comparing performance and quality of traffic assignment techniques for microscopic road traffic simulations},
	year = {2008},
	month = {Mai},
	abstract = {Focusing on the tradeoff between accuracy of the assignment and computation
	time this paper proposes different traffic assignment methods targeting
	at microscopic traffic simulation. The corresponding network-wide
	performance indices, the generated route sets and the respective
	significance tests are analyzed and compared. The results indicate
	that the saving on computa-tion time is significant with use of macroscopic
	assignments. However, the deficiency of ne-glecting turning behaviors
	in macroscopic assignments results in worse assignment results. Moreover,
	the used computation time of some microscopic methods (e.g. the one-shot
	method) is competitive with that of the macroscopic assignments.
	While the exact parameteri-zation as well as the sensitivity of the
	methods to the size of the scenarios still need further investigation,
	it seems favorable to employ microscopic assignment techniques or
	hybrid methods for producing a good traffic assignment for a microscopic
	simulation.},
	groups = {used, assignment, TS, assigned2groups},
	journal = {Proceedings of DTA2008},
	keywords = {microscopic simulation, traffic assignment, SUE, DUA, route set similarity},
	owner = {Daniel},
	timestamp = {2011.12.02},
	url = {http://elib.dlr.de/55172/}
}


Copy

Focusing on the tradeoff between accuracy of the assignment and computation time this paper proposes different traffic assignment methods targeting at microscopic traffic simulation. The corresponding network-wide performance indices, the generated route sets and the respective significance tests are analyzed and compared. The results indicate that the saving on computa-tion time is significant with use of macroscopic assignments. However, the deficiency of ne-glecting turning behaviors in macroscopic assignments results in worse assignment results. Moreover, the used computation time of some microscopic methods (e.g. the one-shot method) is competitive with that of the macroscopic assignments. While the exact parameteri-zation as well as the sensitivity of the methods to the size of the scenarios still need further investigation, it seems favorable to employ microscopic assignment techniques or hybrid methods for producing a good traffic assignment for a microscopic simulation.

@article{Chao-Qun2008,
	author = {Mei Chao-Qun and Huang Hai-Jun and Tang Tie-Qiao},
	journal = {Intelligent Computation Technology and Automation, International Conference on},
	title = {Improving Urban Traffic by Velocity Guidance},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {383-387},
	volume = {2},
	address = {Los Alamitos, CA, USA},
	doi = {http://doi.ieeecomputersociety.org/10.1109/ICICTA.2008.288},
	groups = {GLOSA, assigned2groups, dkrajzew:6},
	isbn = {978-0-7695-3357-5},
	owner = {dkrajzew},
	publisher = {IEEE Computer Society},
	timestamp = {2012.01.26}
}


Copy

@inproceedings{Lazaro2008,
	author = {Oscar Lazaro and Eric Robert and Lin Lan and Javier Gozalvez and Siebe Turksma and Fethi Filali and Fabio Cartolano and M. A. Urrutia and Daniel Krajzewicz},
	booktitle = {21st WWRF 2008},
	title = {iTETRIS: An Integrated Wireless and Traffic Platform for Real-Time Road Traffic Management Solutions},
	year = {2008},
	month = {Oktober},
	abstract = {Wireless vehicular cooperative systems have been identified as an
	attractive solution to improve road traffic management, thereby contributing
	to the European goal of safer, cleaner, and more efficient and sustainable
	traffic solutions. V2V-V2I communication technologies can improve
	traffic management through real-time exchange of data among vehicles
	and with road infrastructure. It is also of great importance to investigate
	the adequate combination of V2V and V2I technologies to ensure the
	continuous and costefficient operation of traffic management solutions
	based on wireless vehicular cooperative solutions. However, to adequately
	design and optimize these communication protocols and analyze the
	potential of wireless vehicular cooperative systems to improve road
	traffic management, adequate testbeds and field operational tests
	need to be conducted.


	Despite the potential of Field Operational Tests to get the first
	insights into the benefits and problems faced in the development
	of wireless vehicular cooperative systems, there is yet the need
	to evaluate in the long term and large dimension the true potential
	benefits of wireless vehicular cooperative systems to improve traffic
	efficiency. To this aim, iTETRIS is devoted to the development of
	advanced tools coupling traffic and wireless communication simulators.},
	groups = {mentioned, iTETRIS, ns-3, TS, Peek Traffic, EURECOM, HITACHI, Thales, UMH, Innovalia Association, CBT, COBO, assigned2groups},
	keywords = {V2x communications, Simulation Platforms, Wireless Communications},
	owner = {Daniel},
	timestamp = {2011.12.02},
	url = {http://elib.dlr.de/62607/}
}


Copy

Wireless vehicular cooperative systems have been identified as an attractive solution to improve road traffic management, thereby contributing to the European goal of safer, cleaner, and more efficient and sustainable traffic solutions. V2V-V2I communication technologies can improve traffic management through real-time exchange of data among vehicles and with road infrastructure. It is also of great importance to investigate the adequate combination of V2V and V2I technologies to ensure the continuous and costefficient operation of traffic management solutions based on wireless vehicular cooperative solutions. However, to adequately design and optimize these communication protocols and analyze the potential of wireless vehicular cooperative systems to improve road traffic management, adequate testbeds and field operational tests need to be conducted. Despite the potential of Field Operational Tests to get the first insights into the benefits and problems faced in the development of wireless vehicular cooperative systems, there is yet the need to evaluate in the long term and large dimension the true potential benefits of wireless vehicular cooperative systems to improve traffic efficiency. To this aim, iTETRIS is devoted to the development of advanced tools coupling traffic and wireless communication simulators.

@article{Niebel2008,
	author = {Wolfgang Niebel and Michael Bonert and Elmar Brockfeld and Daniel Krajzewicz and Peter Wagner},
	journal = {PROM: list studenata Fakulteta prometnih znanosti},
	title = {TRAFFIC SURVEILLANCE AND FORECAST FOR LARGE-SCALE EVENTS, Monitoring and Simulating the World Youth Day 2005 and the Soccer World Cup 2006},
	year = {2008},
	month = {Dezember},
	number = {21},
	pages = {64--66},
	editor = {Fakultet prometnih znanosti Zagreb},
	groups = {mentioned, GF4BOS, surveillance, airborne, cameras, forecast, TS, assigned2groups},
	keywords = {ANTAR, Traffic Finder, SUMO, SOCCER, Weltjugendtag, Gro?ereignis, Verkehrsmanagement, K?ln, Stuttgart, Berlin},
	owner = {Daniel},
	timestamp = {2011.12.02},
	url = {http://elib.dlr.de/55012/}
}


Copy

@inproceedings{dlr54498,
	author = {Wolfgang Niebel and Gunnar Fl{\"o}tter{\"o}d},
	booktitle = {6th Conference of European Students of Traffic and Transportation Sciences},
	title = {SOCCER - TRAFFIC SURVEILLANCE AND FORECAST FOR LARGE-SCALE EVENTS, Monitoring and Simulating the World Youth Day 2005 and the Soccer World Cup 2006},
	year = {2008},
	editor = {University of {\vZ}ilina, Faculty of Operation and Economics of Tran},
	month = {Juni},
	note = {Datentr{\"a}ger CD-ROM},
	abstract = {It could be demonstrated, that this novel surveillance system integrating
	airborne traffic surveillance with traditional ground detection of
	traffic flow can yield valuable information needed for a better management
	of big events. The combination with a simulation-based ap-proach
	to integrate a traditional travel demand forecast and the on-line
	data generated during the event itself leads not only to an almost
	complete coverage of the traffic system, it also delivers a short-term
	forecast for the action forces to react fast to developing aberrations.
	Still the methods need to be improved, e.g., data fusion between
	simulation and reality.},
	groups = {pollution},
	journal = {6th Conference of European Students of Traffic and Transportation Sciences},
	keywords = {ANTAR, Traffic Finder, SUMO, SOCCER, Weltjugendtag, Gro{\ss}ereignis, Verkehrsmanagement, K{\"o}ln, Stuttgart, Berlin},
	owner = {dkrajzew},
	timestamp = {2014.01.08},
	url = {http://elib.dlr.de/54498/}
}


Copy

It could be demonstrated, that this novel surveillance system integrating airborne traffic surveillance with traditional ground detection of traffic flow can yield valuable information needed for a better management of big events. The combination with a simulation-based ap-proach to integrate a traditional travel demand forecast and the on-line data generated during the event itself leads not only to an almost complete coverage of the traffic system, it also delivers a short-term forecast for the action forces to react fast to developing aberrations. Still the methods need to be improved, e.g., data fusion between simulation and reality.

@article{Piorkowski2008,
	author = {Piorkowski, Michal and Raya, Maxim and Lugo, Ada and Papadimitratos, Panos and Grossglauser, Matthias and Hubaux, Jean-Pierre},
	journal = {{ACM} {SIGMOBILE} {M}obile {C}omputing and {C}ommunications {R}eview},
	title = {Tra{NS}: {R}ealistic {J}oint {T}raffic and {N}etwork {S}imulator for {VANET}s},
	year = {2008},
	number = {1},
	pages = {31--33},
	volume = {12},
	abstract = {Realistic simulation is a necessary tool for the proper evaluation
	of newly developed protocols for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs).
	Several recent efforts focus on achieving this goal. Yet, to this
	date, none of the proposed solutions fulfill all the requirements
	of the VANET environment. This is so mainly because road traffic
	and communication network simulators evolve in disjoint research
	communities. We are developing TraNS, an open-source simulation environment,
	as a step towards bridging this gap. This short paper describes the
	TraNS architecture and our ongoing development efforts.},
	affiliation = {EPFL},
	comment = {REVIEWED},
	details = {http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/113879},
	documenturl = {http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/113879/files/trans_mc2r_2007.pdf},
	doi = {10.1145/1374512.1374522},
	groups = {used, TraNS, ns-2, LCA (Laboratory for computer Communications and Applications), assigned2groups},
	keywords = {VANET; Inter Vehicular Communication; Vehicular; applications; realistic mobility models; simulation; performance evaluation; NCCR-MICS; NCCR-MICS/CL3, V2X, EPFL Lausanne, sumo},
	oai-id = {oai:infoscience.epfl.ch:113879},
	oai-set = {fulltext-public},
	owner = {dkrajzew},
	status = {PUBLISHED},
	timestamp = {2011.09.19},
	unit = {LCA}
}


Copy

Realistic simulation is a necessary tool for the proper evaluation of newly developed protocols for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs). Several recent efforts focus on achieving this goal. Yet, to this date, none of the proposed solutions fulfill all the requirements of the VANET environment. This is so mainly because road traffic and communication network simulators evolve in disjoint research communities. We are developing TraNS, an open-source simulation environment, as a step towards bridging this gap. This short paper describes the TraNS architecture and our ongoing development efforts.

@inproceedings{Sommer:2008:NBC:1374688.1374697,
	author = {Christoph Sommer and Zheng Yao and Reinhard German and Falko Dressler},
	title = {On the need for bidirectional coupling of road traffic microsimulation
	and network simulation},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 1st ACM SIGMOBILE workshop on Mobility models},
	year = {2008},
	series = {MobilityModels '08},
	pages = {41--48},
	address = {New York, NY, USA},
	publisher = {ACM},
	acmid = {1374697},
	doi = {10.1145/1374688.1374697},
	isbn = {978-1-60558-111-8},
	keywords = {network simulation, road traffic microsimulation, vehicular ad hoc
	networks},
	location = {Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China},
	numpages = {8},
	url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1374688.1374697}
}


Copy

@misc{dlr56995,
	author = {Yun-Pang Wang and Bernhard Friedrich},
	month = {M{\"a}rz},
	title = {Optimierung der Matrixsch{\"a}tzung durch Elimination redundanter Informationen},
	year = {2008},
	abstract = {Mit den zunehmenden M{\"o}glichkeiten der automatischen Verkehrsdatenerfassung
	stellt sich die Frage, welchen Einfluss die Kenntnis von Abbiegestr{\"o}men
	und daraus folgende redun-dante Informationen auf die Sch{\"a}tzung
	von Herkunft-/ Zielbeziehungen haben und wie m{\"o}g-liche negative
	Effekte auf die G{\"u}te der Sch{\"a}tzung bei bestehenden Erfassungsstellen
	ver-mieden werden k{\"o}nnen. Deshalb wurde in dieser Arbeit vor
	allem der Einfluss redundanter Informationen analysiert. Ein geeignetes
	Eliminationsverfahren (MERI) wurde entwickelt. Es wurde nachgewiesen,
	dass die negative Auswirkung redundanter Informationen im Informa-tions-Minimierungs-Modell
	(IM-Modell) durch MERI beseitigt werden konnte und die Sch{\"a}tz-g{\"u}te
	besser als die des Verbesserten IM-Modells (VIM-Modell) ist.},
	booktitle = {HEUREKA 2008},
	editor = {Forschungsgesellschaft f{\"u}r Stra{\ss}en- und Verkehrswesen},
	groups = {pollution},
	keywords = {Matrixsch{\"a}tzung, Matrixanpassung, redundante Information},
	owner = {dkrajzew},
	timestamp = {2014.01.08},
	url = {http://elib.dlr.de/56995/}
}


Copy

Mit den zunehmenden Möglichkeiten der automatischen Verkehrsdatenerfassung stellt sich die Frage, welchen Einfluss die Kenntnis von Abbiegeströmen und daraus folgende redun-dante Informationen auf die Schätzung von Herkunft-/ Zielbeziehungen haben und wie mög-liche negative Effekte auf die Güte der Schätzung bei bestehenden Erfassungsstellen ver-mieden werden können. Deshalb wurde in dieser Arbeit vor allem der Einfluss redundanter Informationen analysiert. Ein geeignetes Eliminationsverfahren (MERI) wurde entwickelt. Es wurde nachgewiesen, dass die negative Auswirkung redundanter Informationen im Informa-tions-Minimierungs-Modell (IM-Modell) durch MERI beseitigt werden konnte und die Schätz-güte besser als die des Verbesserten IM-Modells (VIM-Modell) ist.

@inproceedings{Wegener2008,
	author = {Wegener, A. and Hellbr\"uck, H. and Wewetzer, C. and L\"ubke, A.},
	booktitle = {GLOBECOM Workshops, 2008 IEEE},
	title = {VANET Simulation Environment with Feedback Loop and its Application to Traffic Light Assistance},
	year = {2008},
	month = {30 2008-dec. 4},
	pages = {1 -7},
	abstract = {Traffic applications, in which vehicles are equipped with a radio
	interface and communicate directly with each other and the road traffic
	infrastructure are a promising field for ad-hoc network technology.
	Vehicular applications reach from entertainment to traffic information
	systems, including safety aspects where warning messages can inform
	drivers about dangerous situations in advance. As performance tests
	of the real system are very expensive and not comprehensive, today's
	evaluations are based on analysis and simulation via traffic simulators.
	In order to investigate the impact of traffic information systems
	there are two options: First, traffic simulators can be extended
	by application code and a simplified model for wireless communication.
	Second, existing network simulators can be coupled with existing
	traffic simulators. We favor the coupling of existing and well known
	simulators as we believe that the wireless communication characteristics
	influence the data transfer significantly and an oversimplified transmission
	model can lead to flawed results. In this paper we describe the feedback
	loop between traffic and network simulators named traffic control
	interface (TraCI) and outline its versatility. We explain its use
	to determine possible energy consumption reduction when traffic lights
	send their phase schedules to vehicles.},
	doi = {10.1109/GLOCOMW.2008.ECP.67},
	groups = {used, GLOSA, ns-2, TraCI, VW, Institute of Telematics, Department of Electrical Engineering, assigned2groups},
	keywords = {TraCI;VANET simulation environment;ad-hoc network technology;feedback loop;oversimplified transmission model;radio interface;road traffic infrastructure;safety aspects;traffic control interface;traffic information systems;traffic light assistance;traffic simulators;wireless communication;ad hoc networks;mobile radio;road safety;road traffic;traffic information systems;, V2X, TU L�beck, sumo},
	owner = {dkrajzew},
	timestamp = {2011.09.19}
}


Copy

Traffic applications, in which vehicles are equipped with a radio interface and communicate directly with each other and the road traffic infrastructure are a promising field for ad-hoc network technology. Vehicular applications reach from entertainment to traffic information systems, including safety aspects where warning messages can inform drivers about dangerous situations in advance. As performance tests of the real system are very expensive and not comprehensive, today's evaluations are based on analysis and simulation via traffic simulators. In order to investigate the impact of traffic information systems there are two options: First, traffic simulators can be extended by application code and a simplified model for wireless communication. Second, existing network simulators can be coupled with existing traffic simulators. We favor the coupling of existing and well known simulators as we believe that the wireless communication characteristics influence the data transfer significantly and an oversimplified transmission model can lead to flawed results. In this paper we describe the feedback loop between traffic and network simulators named traffic control interface (TraCI) and outline its versatility. We explain its use to determine possible energy consumption reduction when traffic lights send their phase schedules to vehicles.

@inproceedings{Wegener2008a,
	author = {Axel Wegener and Micha\l Pi\'{o}rkowski and Maxim Raya and Horst Hellbr\"{u}ck and Stefan Fischer and Jean-Pierre Hubaux},
	booktitle = {11{t}h {C}ommunications and {N}etworking {S}imulation {S}ymposium ({CNS})},
	title = {Tra{CI}: {A}n {I}nterface for {C}oupling {R}oad {T}raffic and {N}etwork {S}imulators},
	year = {2008},
	address = {New York, NY, USA},
	pages = {155--163},
	publisher = {ACM},
	series = {CNS '08},
	abstract = {Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks (VANETs) enable communication among vehicles
	as well as between vehicles and roadside infrastructures. Currently
	available software tools for VANET research still lack the ability
	to asses the usability of vehicular applications. In this article,
	we present Traffic Control Interface (TraCI) a technique for interlinking
	road traffic and network simulators. It permits us to control the
	behavior of vehicles during simulation runtime, and consequently
	to better understand the influence of VANET applications on traffic
	patterns. In contrast to the existing approaches, i.e., generating
	mobility traces that are fed to a network simulator as static input
	files, the online coupling allows the adaptation of drivers' behavior
	during simulation runtime. This technique is not limited to a special
	traffic simulator or to a special network simulator. We introduce
	a general framework for controlling the mobility which is adaptable
	towards other research areas. We describe the basic concept, design
	decisions and the message format of this open-source architecture.
	Additionally, we provide implementations for non-commercial traffic
	and network simulators namely SUMO and ns2, respectively. This coupling
	enables for the first time systematic evaluations of VANET applications
	in realistic settings.},
	acmid = {1400740},
	affiliation = {EPFL},
	details = {http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/115106},
	doi = {10.1145/1400713.1400740},
	groups = {used, simulation packages, TraCI, LCA (Laboratory for computer Communications and Applications), Institute of Telematics, assigned2groups},
	isbn = {1-56555-318-7},
	keywords = {network simulation, node mobility, vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs)},
	location = {Ottawa, Canada},
	numpages = {9},
	url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1400713.1400740}
}


Copy

Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks (VANETs) enable communication among vehicles as well as between vehicles and roadside infrastructures. Currently available software tools for VANET research still lack the ability to asses the usability of vehicular applications. In this article, we present Traffic Control Interface (TraCI) a technique for interlinking road traffic and network simulators. It permits us to control the behavior of vehicles during simulation runtime, and consequently to better understand the influence of VANET applications on traffic patterns. In contrast to the existing approaches, i.e., generating mobility traces that are fed to a network simulator as static input files, the online coupling allows the adaptation of drivers' behavior during simulation runtime. This technique is not limited to a special traffic simulator or to a special network simulator. We introduce a general framework for controlling the mobility which is adaptable towards other research areas. We describe the basic concept, design decisions and the message format of this open-source architecture. Additionally, we provide implementations for non-commercial traffic and network simulators namely SUMO and ns2, respectively. This coupling enables for the first time systematic evaluations of VANET applications in realistic settings.

@inproceedings{Hopfner2007,
	author = {Marcus H\"opfner and Ingmar Ehrenpfordt and Eric Nicolay and Benjamin Maier and Elmar Brockfeld and Daniel Krajzewicz},
	booktitle = {CeBIT in Motion - Forum for Telematics and Navigation},
	title = {Simulation und Feldtest f\"ur die Validation mobilfunkbasierter Verkehrsdaten},
	year = {2007},
	editor = {Deutsche Messe AG},
	month = {M\"arz},
	abstract = {Im Rahmen des vom BMBF gef?rderten Forschungsprojektes ?TrafficOnline
	? Online Verkehrsdatenerfassung ?ber Mobilfunknetze? wird ein Verfahren
	zur Erfassung von Verkehrsdaten entwickelt, welches auf der Beobachtung
	von im Stra?enverkehr mitgef?hrten Mobiltelefonen basiert. Hierbei
	wird insbesondere der im Verkehrsnetz zur?ckgelegte Weg mobiler Telefonate,
	welche den Bereich mehrerer Mobilfunkzellen passieren, in anonymer
	Art und Weise ausgewertet und daraus eine durchschnittliche Reisegeschwindigkeit
	ermittelt. Das Institut f?r Verkehrsf?hrung und Fahrzeugsteuerung
	hat eine Testmethodik aufgebaut, auf deren Basis die ?berpr?fung
	der Einsatzgrenzen und Qualit?t des TrafficOnline-Verfahrens erfolgt.
	F?r die Validation des Verfahrens fand im Gro?raum Berlin ein Feldtest
	statt. Hierf?r wurden im GSM-Netz spezielle Erfassungsrechner installiert,
	welche f?r einen l?ngeren Zeitraum s?mtliche an der Abis-Schnittstelle
	auflaufenden Mobilfunkdaten aufzeichneten. Das Testgebiet erstreckte
	sich dabei ?ber den s?dwestlichen Teil Berlins, ausgehend vom Zentrum
	bis zum Autobahnring BAB A10. Damit umfasste es neben den ?bergeordneten
	Bundesfernstra?en auch Teile des nachgeordneten Stra?ennetzes im
	Zentrum Berlins. Im Rahmen der Auswertung des Feldtestes erfolgt
	ein Abgleich der mittels des TrafficOnline-Verfahrens generierten
	Verkehrsdaten mit lokalen Verkehrsdetektoren. Als Referenzdaten werden
	dabei unter anderem die Induktionsschleifen und Passivinfrarotdetektoren
	der Verkehrsmanagementzentrale Berlin verwendet. Neben diesem Feldtest
	kommt als zweiter Teil der Validation eine Simulation zum Einsatz.
	Als Simulationstool wurde das Programm "Simulation of Urban MObility"
	(SUMO) gew?hlt. Es handelt sich dabei um eine mikroskopische Verkehrssimulation,
	welche vom Zentrum f?r Angewandte Informatik K?ln und dem Institut
	f?r Verkehrsforschung Berlin entwickelt wurde. Mit diesem Simulationstool
	wird vor allem die ?bertragbarkeit des TrafficOnline-Verfahrens auf
	verschiedenste r?umliche Gegebenheiten und unterschiedliche Mobilfunknetze
	gepr?ft wird. Um diese Pr?fung durchf?hren zu k?nnen, wurde das Tool
	SUMO an die speziellen Anforderungen angepasst und um notwendige
	Funktionalit?ten erg?nzt.},
	groups = {used, presentation, TrafficOnline, surveillance, mobile phones, TS, assigned2groups},
	journal = {CeBIT in Motion - Forum for Telematics and Navigation},
	keywords = {Verkehrsdatenerfassung, Floating Phone Data, Verkehrssimulation},
	owner = {Daniel},
	timestamp = {2011.12.02},
	url = {http://elib.dlr.de/48868/}
}


Copy

Im Rahmen des vom BMBF gef?rderten Forschungsprojektes ?TrafficOnline ? Online Verkehrsdatenerfassung ?ber Mobilfunknetze? wird ein Verfahren zur Erfassung von Verkehrsdaten entwickelt, welches auf der Beobachtung von im Stra?enverkehr mitgef?hrten Mobiltelefonen basiert. Hierbei wird insbesondere der im Verkehrsnetz zur?ckgelegte Weg mobiler Telefonate, welche den Bereich mehrerer Mobilfunkzellen passieren, in anonymer Art und Weise ausgewertet und daraus eine durchschnittliche Reisegeschwindigkeit ermittelt. Das Institut f?r Verkehrsf?hrung und Fahrzeugsteuerung hat eine Testmethodik aufgebaut, auf deren Basis die ?berpr?fung der Einsatzgrenzen und Qualit?t des TrafficOnline-Verfahrens erfolgt. F?r die Validation des Verfahrens fand im Gro?raum Berlin ein Feldtest statt. Hierf?r wurden im GSM-Netz spezielle Erfassungsrechner installiert, welche f?r einen l?ngeren Zeitraum s?mtliche an der Abis-Schnittstelle auflaufenden Mobilfunkdaten aufzeichneten. Das Testgebiet erstreckte sich dabei ?ber den s?dwestlichen Teil Berlins, ausgehend vom Zentrum bis zum Autobahnring BAB A10. Damit umfasste es neben den ?bergeordneten Bundesfernstra?en auch Teile des nachgeordneten Stra?ennetzes im Zentrum Berlins. Im Rahmen der Auswertung des Feldtestes erfolgt ein Abgleich der mittels des TrafficOnline-Verfahrens generierten Verkehrsdaten mit lokalen Verkehrsdetektoren. Als Referenzdaten werden dabei unter anderem die Induktionsschleifen und Passivinfrarotdetektoren der Verkehrsmanagementzentrale Berlin verwendet. Neben diesem Feldtest kommt als zweiter Teil der Validation eine Simulation zum Einsatz. Als Simulationstool wurde das Programm "Simulation of Urban MObility" (SUMO) gew?hlt. Es handelt sich dabei um eine mikroskopische Verkehrssimulation, welche vom Zentrum f?r Angewandte Informatik K?ln und dem Institut f?r Verkehrsforschung Berlin entwickelt wurde. Mit diesem Simulationstool wird vor allem die ?bertragbarkeit des TrafficOnline-Verfahrens auf verschiedenste r?umliche Gegebenheiten und unterschiedliche Mobilfunknetze gepr?ft wird. Um diese Pr?fung durchf?hren zu k?nnen, wurde das Tool SUMO an die speziellen Anforderungen angepasst und um notwendige Funktionalit?ten erg?nzt.

@inproceedings{Karnadi2007,
	author = {Karnadi, F.K. and Zhi Hai Mo and Kun-chan Lan},
	booktitle = {Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, 2007.WCNC 2007. IEEE},
	title = {Rapid Generation of Realistic Mobility Models for VANET},
	year = {2007},
	month = {march},
	pages = {2506 -2511},
	abstract = {One emerging, new type of ad-hoc network is the vehicular ad-hoc network
	(VANET), in which vehicles constitute the mobile nodes in the network.
	Due to the prohibitive cost of deploying and implementing such a
	system in real world, most research in VANET relies on simulations
	for evaluation. A key component for VANET simulations is a realistic
	vehicular mobility model that ensures conclusions drawn from simulation
	experiments will carry through to real deployments. In this work,
	we introduce a tool MOVE that allows users to rapidly generate realistic
	mobility models for VANET simulations. MOVE is built on top of an
	open source micro-traffic simulator SUMO. The output of MOVE is a
	realistic mobility model and can be immediately used by popular network
	simulators such as ns-2 and qualnet. We evaluate and compare ad-hoc
	routing performance for vehicular nodes using MOVE to that using
	the random waypoint model. We show that the simulation results obtained
	when nodes moving according to a realistic mobility model is significantly
	different from that of the commonly used random waypoint model.},
	doi = {10.1109/WCNC.2007.467},
	groups = {used, presentation, MOVE, ns-2, road networks, University of New South Wales, National ICT Australia Ltd, assigned2groups},
	issn = {1525-3511},
	keywords = {MOVE tool;SUMO;VANET simulations;ad-hoc routing performance;mobile nodes;network simulators;open source microtraffic simulator;random waypoint model;realistic vehicular mobility model;vehicular ad-hoc network;vehicular nodes;ad hoc networks;public domain software;telecommunication network routing;traffic engineering computing;, V2X, New South Wales University},
	owner = {dkrajzew},
	timestamp = {2011.09.19}
}


Copy

One emerging, new type of ad-hoc network is the vehicular ad-hoc network (VANET), in which vehicles constitute the mobile nodes in the network. Due to the prohibitive cost of deploying and implementing such a system in real world, most research in VANET relies on simulations for evaluation. A key component for VANET simulations is a realistic vehicular mobility model that ensures conclusions drawn from simulation experiments will carry through to real deployments. In this work, we introduce a tool MOVE that allows users to rapidly generate realistic mobility models for VANET simulations. MOVE is built on top of an open source micro-traffic simulator SUMO. The output of MOVE is a realistic mobility model and can be immediately used by popular network simulators such as ns-2 and qualnet. We evaluate and compare ad-hoc routing performance for vehicular nodes using MOVE to that using the random waypoint model. We show that the simulation results obtained when nodes moving according to a realistic mobility model is significantly different from that of the commonly used random waypoint model.

@inproceedings{Krajzewicz2007,
	author = {Daniel Krajzewicz and Danilot Teta Boyom and Peter Wagner},
	booktitle = {Heureka '08},
	title = {Untersuchungen der Performanz einer auf C2C-Kommunikation basierenden, autonomen Routenwahl bei Stauszenarien},
	year = {2007},
	month = {Juli},
	abstract = {Neben m?glichem Einsatz bei der Warnung und Unterst?tzung des Fahrers,
	der Vorbereitung des Fahrzeugs auf einen kurz bevorstehenden Unfall
	oder der Realisierung eines Zugangs zum Internet innerhalb von Fahrzeugen
	([6]) wird der Kommunikation zwischen Fahrzeugen auch die M?glichkeit
	Staus zu reduzieren zugesprochen. F?r diese Funktion sollen die von
	anderen Fahrzeugen erhaltenen Informationen ?ber den Zustand im Stra?ennetz
	in angepasste Navigationssysteme einflie?en, so dass diese in der
	Lage sind, auf realem und aktuellem Stra?enzustand basierend, Routen
	f?r das jeweilige, sie tragende Fahrzeug vorherzusagen. Die hier
	vorgestellte Untersuchung soll aufzeigen, inwiefern eine solche zwischen
	den Fahrzeugen innerhalb des Systems unkoordinierte Routenwahl tats?chlich
	in der Lage ist, die Auswirkungen von Staus zu reduzieren.


	F?r die Untersuchung wurde die freie Verkehrsflusssimulation SUMO
	([1, 2]) um eine C2C-Komponente erweitert. Als Datengrundlage wurde
	ein Stra?ennetz der Stadt Magdeburg benutzt, f?r das eine validierte
	Nachfrage existiert. Dieses Dokument beschreibt die Erweiterung der
	Simulation um die C2C-Kommunikation, den Aufbau des simulierten Stauszenarios
	sowie die Ergebnisse der Untersuchung.},
	groups = {used, DanilotTeteBoyom, communication models, navigation, own (DLR), TS, assigned2groups},
	keywords = {car2car-Kommunikation, Verkehrsmanagement, Simulation},
	owner = {Daniel},
	timestamp = {2011.12.02},
	url = {http://elib.dlr.de/50466/}
}


Copy

Neben m?glichem Einsatz bei der Warnung und Unterst?tzung des Fahrers, der Vorbereitung des Fahrzeugs auf einen kurz bevorstehenden Unfall oder der Realisierung eines Zugangs zum Internet innerhalb von Fahrzeugen ([6]) wird der Kommunikation zwischen Fahrzeugen auch die M?glichkeit Staus zu reduzieren zugesprochen. F?r diese Funktion sollen die von anderen Fahrzeugen erhaltenen Informationen ?ber den Zustand im Stra?ennetz in angepasste Navigationssysteme einflie?en, so dass diese in der Lage sind, auf realem und aktuellem Stra?enzustand basierend, Routen f?r das jeweilige, sie tragende Fahrzeug vorherzusagen. Die hier vorgestellte Untersuchung soll aufzeigen, inwiefern eine solche zwischen den Fahrzeugen innerhalb des Systems unkoordinierte Routenwahl tats?chlich in der Lage ist, die Auswirkungen von Staus zu reduzieren. F?r die Untersuchung wurde die freie Verkehrsflusssimulation SUMO ([1, 2]) um eine C2C-Komponente erweitert. Als Datengrundlage wurde ein Stra?ennetz der Stadt Magdeburg benutzt, f?r das eine validierte Nachfrage existiert. Dieses Dokument beschreibt die Erweiterung der Simulation um die C2C-Kommunikation, den Aufbau des simulierten Stauszenarios sowie die Ergebnisse der Untersuchung.

@inproceedings{Krajzewicz2007a,
	author = {Daniel Krajzewicz and Danilot Teta Boyom and Peter Wagner},
	booktitle = {TRB 2008 (87. Annual Meeting)},
	title = {Evaluation of the Performance of city-wide, autonomous Route Choice based on Vehicle-to-vehicle-Communictaion},
	year = {2007},
	month = {Juli},
	abstract = {The sharing of information between vehicles via vehicle-to-vehicle
	communication has a great potential for future traffic surveillance
	and management applications. One possible use case is the communication
	of information about the state of the road network, for example by
	transferring travel times into the navigation devices enabling them
	to compute routes using this knowledge.


	This work reports about a set of simulation results where the benefit
	of using information exchanged between vehicles was evaluated for
	a city scenario using an extended microscopic traffic flow simulation.
	The scenario is based on validated real-life data for a normal weekday
	within a middle-sized German city. Contrary to other approaches,
	the used model of vehicle-to-vehicle communication was implemented
	directly into the traffic simulation. It was kept as simple as possible
	in order to allow a fast execution needed for evaluating the effects
	on a large scale and was calibrated using data from the real life.
	This simulation study evaluates the influences of the model?s parameters
	and of the amount of vehicles equipped with vehicle-to-vehicle devices
	on the mean travel time within the simulated city.},
	groups = {used, DanilotTeteBoyom, communication models, navigation, own (DLR), TS, assigned2groups},
	keywords = {Vehicle-to-vehicle communication, traffic management, simulation},
	owner = {Daniel},
	timestamp = {2011.12.02},
	url = {http://elib.dlr.de/50464/}
}


Copy

The sharing of information between vehicles via vehicle-to-vehicle communication has a great potential for future traffic surveillance and management applications. One possible use case is the communication of information about the state of the road network, for example by transferring travel times into the navigation devices enabling them to compute routes using this knowledge. This work reports about a set of simulation results where the benefit of using information exchanged between vehicles was evaluated for a city scenario using an extended microscopic traffic flow simulation. The scenario is based on validated real-life data for a normal weekday within a middle-sized German city. Contrary to other approaches, the used model of vehicle-to-vehicle communication was implemented directly into the traffic simulation. It was kept as simple as possible in order to allow a fast execution needed for evaluating the effects on a large scale and was calibrated using data from the real life. This simulation study evaluates the influences of the model?s parameters and of the amount of vehicles equipped with vehicle-to-vehicle devices on the mean travel time within the simulated city.

@inproceedings{Krajzewicz2007b,
	author = {Daniel Krajzewicz and Danilot Teta Boyom and Peter Wagner},
	booktitle = {21. Verkehrswissenschaftliche Tage},
	title = {Auswirkungen einer auf Car2Car-Kommunikation basierenden, dynamischen Routenwahl bei Beeintr\"achtigungen im Stadtverkehr},
	year = {2007},
	month = {Juli},
	abstract = {Die Kommunikation zwischen Fahrzeugen, die in K?rze im Rahmen des
	Projektes SIM-TD praxisnah demonstriert werden soll, birgt ein gro?es
	Potential f?r eine zuk?nftige Verkehrslageerfassung wie auch f?r
	neue Verfahren beim Management von Verkehrssystemen. Beispielsweise
	k?nnen Fahrzeuge Informationen ?ber von einem Normalfall abweichende
	Reisezeiten an andere Fahrzeuge weiter geben, die ihrem Fahrer dann
	eine neue, am Stau vorbei f?hrende, Route vorschlagen.


	Im Rahmen der hier vorgestellten Untersuchung wurde ein solches Szenario
	per Simulation evaluiert, um die Effizienz einer solchen Routenwahl
	zu demonstrieren. Ausgegangen wurde hierbei von der Simulation einer
	ganzen Stadt, die um Staus erweitert worden ist. Neben den Auswirkungen
	unterschiedlicher Ausstattungsgrade wurden auch die Einfl?sse weiterer
	Kommunikationsparameter untersucht.},
	groups = {used, DanilotTeteBoyom, communication models, navigation, own (DLR), TS, assigned2groups},
	journal = {21. Verkehrswissenschaftliche Tage},
	keywords = {Car2Car-Kommunikation, Verkehrsflusssimulation, Verkehrsmanagement},
	owner = {Daniel},
	timestamp = {2011.12.02},
	url = {http://elib.dlr.de/50463/}
}


Copy

Die Kommunikation zwischen Fahrzeugen, die in K?rze im Rahmen des Projektes SIM-TD praxisnah demonstriert werden soll, birgt ein gro?es Potential f?r eine zuk?nftige Verkehrslageerfassung wie auch f?r neue Verfahren beim Management von Verkehrssystemen. Beispielsweise k?nnen Fahrzeuge Informationen ?ber von einem Normalfall abweichende Reisezeiten an andere Fahrzeuge weiter geben, die ihrem Fahrer dann eine neue, am Stau vorbei f?hrende, Route vorschlagen. Im Rahmen der hier vorgestellten Untersuchung wurde ein solches Szenario per Simulation evaluiert, um die Effizienz einer solchen Routenwahl zu demonstrieren. Ausgegangen wurde hierbei von der Simulation einer ganzen Stadt, die um Staus erweitert worden ist. Neben den Auswirkungen unterschiedlicher Ausstattungsgrade wurden auch die Einfl?sse weiterer Kommunikationsparameter untersucht.

@mastersthesis{Morenz2007,
	author = {Tino Morenz},
	school = {University of Dublin},
	title = {iTranSIM - Simulation-based Vehicle Location},
	year = {2007},
	groups = {used, calibration&validation, surveillance, forecast, public transport, University of Dublin, assigned2groups},
	keywords = {University of Dublin, sumo},
	owner = {dkrajzew},
	timestamp = {2011.09.19}
}


Copy

@inproceedings{Bonert2006,
	author = {Michael Bonert and Elmar Brockfeld and Ines Ernst and Daniel Krajzewicz and Martin Ruh\'e and Peter Wagner},
	booktitle = {IMA 2006 Informationssysteme f\"ur mobile Anwendungen},
	title = {SOCCER Verkehrslageerfassung und ?prognose w\"ahrend der Fu\ssball-WM},
	year = {2006},
	month = {Oktober},
	abstract = {W?hrend der FIFA?Fu?ballweltmeisterschaft 2006 wurde im Rahmen des
	vom BMWi ge-f?rderten Projektes SOCCER an drei Spielst?tten (Berlin,
	K?ln, Stuttgart) ein integriertes Sys-tem getestet, das Verkehrsdaten
	aus unterschiedlichen Quellen zu einer Verkehrslageerfas-sung und
	anschlie?ender Prognose fusionieren konnte. Die beiden Systeme in
	Berlin und K?ln setzten dabei jeweils auf eine Simulation der gesamten
	Stadt auf, w?hrend das Stuttgar-ter System im Wesentlichen auf einer
	ganglinienbasierten Prognose basierte. Die verwendeten Inputdaten
	waren in allen F?llen eine Kombination aus (nicht in allen St?dten
	gleich) luft-gest?tzter Verkehrslageerfassung an ausgesuchten Brennpunkten
	(Zeppelin in K?ln, Flugzeug in Berlin und Hubschrauber in Stuttgart),
	vorhandenen Z?hlschleifendaten (alle Orte) und den Reisezeitinformationen
	aus den Taxi?FCD Projekten Stuttgart und Berlin des DLR (siehe www.cityrouter.com).
	Dieser Beitrag beschreibt den Aufbau der Systeme und stellt erste
	Er-gebnisse dar, mit denen die Prognoseg?te beurteilt werden kann.},
	groups = {used, Soccer2006, surveillance, airborne, cameras, forecast, assigned2groups},
	keywords = {Verkehrsmanagement von Gro?ereignissen, Verkehrssimulation, luftgest?tzte Verkehrslageerfassung},
	owner = {Daniel},
	timestamp = {2011.12.02},
	url = {http://elib.dlr.de/50197/}
}


Copy

W?hrend der FIFA?Fu?ballweltmeisterschaft 2006 wurde im Rahmen des vom BMWi ge-f?rderten Projektes SOCCER an drei Spielst?tten (Berlin, K?ln, Stuttgart) ein integriertes Sys-tem getestet, das Verkehrsdaten aus unterschiedlichen Quellen zu einer Verkehrslageerfas-sung und anschlie?ender Prognose fusionieren konnte. Die beiden Systeme in Berlin und K?ln setzten dabei jeweils auf eine Simulation der gesamten Stadt auf, w?hrend das Stuttgar-ter System im Wesentlichen auf einer ganglinienbasierten Prognose basierte. Die verwendeten Inputdaten waren in allen F?llen eine Kombination aus (nicht in allen St?dten gleich) luft-gest?tzter Verkehrslageerfassung an ausgesuchten Brennpunkten (Zeppelin in K?ln, Flugzeug in Berlin und Hubschrauber in Stuttgart), vorhandenen Z?hlschleifendaten (alle Orte) und den Reisezeitinformationen aus den Taxi?FCD Projekten Stuttgart und Berlin des DLR (siehe www.cityrouter.com). Dieser Beitrag beschreibt den Aufbau der Systeme und stellt erste Er-gebnisse dar, mit denen die Prognoseg?te beurteilt werden kann.

@unpublished{Kuhne2006,
	author = {Reinhart K\"uhne and Marius Schlingelhof and Daniel Krajzewicz},
	note = {Probably duplicate},
	title = {NEW GLOBAL NAVIGATION SATELLITE SYSTEM BASED APPROACHES FOR ADVANCED DRIVER ASSISTANCE},
	month = {Januar},
	year = {2006},
	booktitle = {TRB 2006 (85. Annual Meeting)},
	groups = {surveillance, DLR, assigned2groups},
	keywords = {Navigation, Satellite System, Driver Assistance},
	owner = {Daniel},
	timestamp = {2011.12.02},
	url = {http://elib.dlr.de/44423/}
}


Copy

@inproceedings{Krajzewicz2006,
	author = {Daniel Krajzewicz and Michael Bonert and Peter Wagner},
	booktitle = {RoboCup 2006},
	title = {The Open Source Traffic Simulation Package SUMO},
	year = {2006},
	month = {Juni},
	abstract = {Since the year 2000, the Institute of Transportation Research (IVF)
	at the German Aerospace Centre (DLR) is developing a microscopic,
	traffic simulation package. The complete package is offered as open
	source to establish the software as a common testbed for algorithms
	and models from traffic research. Since the year 2003 the IVF also
	works on a virtual traffic management centre and in conjunction with
	this on traffic management. Several large-scale projects have been
	done since this time, most importantly INVENT where modern traffic
	management methods have been evaluated and the online-simulation
	and prediction of traffic during the world youth day (Weltjugendtag)
	2005 in Cologne/Germany. This publication briefly describes the simulation
	package together with the projects mentioned above to show how SUMO
	can be used to simulate largescale traffic scenarios. Additionally,
	it is pointed out how SUMO may be used as a testbed for automatic
	management algorithms with minor effort in developing extensions.},
	groups = {presentation, simulation packages, TS, assigned2groups},
	journal = {RoboCup 2006},
	keywords = {Simulation, Traffic Management, Disaster & Event Management},
	owner = {Daniel},
	timestamp = {2011.12.02},
	url = {http://elib.dlr.de/46740/}
}


Copy

Since the year 2000, the Institute of Transportation Research (IVF) at the German Aerospace Centre (DLR) is developing a microscopic, traffic simulation package. The complete package is offered as open source to establish the software as a common testbed for algorithms and models from traffic research. Since the year 2003 the IVF also works on a virtual traffic management centre and in conjunction with this on traffic management. Several large-scale projects have been done since this time, most importantly INVENT where modern traffic management methods have been evaluated and the online-simulation and prediction of traffic during the world youth day (Weltjugendtag) 2005 in Cologne/Germany. This publication briefly describes the simulation package together with the projects mentioned above to show how SUMO can be used to simulate largescale traffic scenarios. Additionally, it is pointed out how SUMO may be used as a testbed for automatic management algorithms with minor effort in developing extensions.

@inproceedings{Sanchez2006,
	author = {Miguel Sanchez and Juan-Carlos Cano and Dongkyun Kim},
	booktitle = {ITS Telecommunications Proceedings, 2006 6th International Conference on},
	title = {Predicting Traffic lights to Improve Urban Traffic Fuel Consumption},
	year = {2006},
	month = {june},
	pages = {331 -336},
	abstract = {Modern traffic control systems include smart feedback into the traffic
	light control system. New ways of improving our transit systems fuel
	efficiency are now more than welcome due to global warming and oil
	high price. This paper presents a new approach on how drivers and
	traffic lights can interact to save fuel. Our preliminary results
	show that 25% savings are within range in urban circuits},
	doi = {10.1109/ITST.2006.288906},
	groups = {GLOSA, assigned2groups, dkrajzew:6},
	keywords = {global warming;light control system;traffic control system;urban traffic fuel consumption;road traffic;traffic control;},
	owner = {dkrajzew},
	timestamp = {2012.01.26}
}


Copy

Modern traffic control systems include smart feedback into the traffic light control system. New ways of improving our transit systems fuel efficiency are now more than welcome due to global warming and oil high price. This paper presents a new approach on how drivers and traffic lights can interact to save fuel. Our preliminary results show that 25% savings are within range in urban circuits

@inproceedings{Schlingelhof2006,
	author = {Marius Schlingelhof and Reinhart K\"uhne and Daniel Krajzewicz},
	booktitle = {TRB 2006 (85th Annual Meeting)},
	title = {NEW GNSS-BASED APPROACHES FOR ADVANCED DRIVER ASSISTANCE SYSTEMS},
	year = {2006},
	month = {Januar},
	abstract = {The enhancement of road safety and traffic efficiency are the focus
	of many endeavours in science, economy and politics. A traditional
	approach is to increase vehicle safety by advanced and intelligent
	onboard systems using high developed sensors for the monitoring of
	the vehicle?s surrounding. However, these technologies are vehicle-autonomous
	solutions that only consider information coming from onboard sensors.
	These sensors are normally based on optical, ultra-sonic, radar or
	video camera systems and can only detect other vehicles or other
	objects along a line-of-sight up to the next obstacle. The view beyond
	a truck cruising just in front of the vehicle, for example, is not
	possible.


	New approaches are now dealing with co-operative technologies that
	enable the exchange of important information between vehicles and
	infrastructures for updated traffic data acquisition, recognition
	of traffic congestion due to accidents or other sudden incidents,
	local dynamic map data updates and driver warning. One key technology
	within such co-operative systems is the highly precise relative positioning
	between vehicles and the monitoring of the broader vehicle environment
	using ad-hoc data networks. These technologies can be primarily based
	on satellite systems like GPS or GALILEO supplemented by other onboard
	sensor data, whereby unprocessed sensor data and satellite pseudo
	range information will be exchanged between the vehicles within a
	dedicated radio range. These data, when compared with the onboard
	data, will finally enable the creation of virtual images of a vehicle?s
	surrounding using special microscopic traffic modelling algorithms.
	Future applications are road safety and Advanced Driver Assistance
	Systems (ADAS).},
	groups = {surveillance, TS, assigned2groups},
	keywords = {GPS, Galileo, GNSS, ADAS, Road Safety, Relative Positioning, Surrounding Monitoring},
	owner = {Daniel},
	timestamp = {2011.12.02},
	url = {http://elib.dlr.de/21758/}
}


Copy

The enhancement of road safety and traffic efficiency are the focus of many endeavours in science, economy and politics. A traditional approach is to increase vehicle safety by advanced and intelligent onboard systems using high developed sensors for the monitoring of the vehicle?s surrounding. However, these technologies are vehicle-autonomous solutions that only consider information coming from onboard sensors. These sensors are normally based on optical, ultra-sonic, radar or video camera systems and can only detect other vehicles or other objects along a line-of-sight up to the next obstacle. The view beyond a truck cruising just in front of the vehicle, for example, is not possible. New approaches are now dealing with co-operative technologies that enable the exchange of important information between vehicles and infrastructures for updated traffic data acquisition, recognition of traffic congestion due to accidents or other sudden incidents, local dynamic map data updates and driver warning. One key technology within such co-operative systems is the highly precise relative positioning between vehicles and the monitoring of the broader vehicle environment using ad-hoc data networks. These technologies can be primarily based on satellite systems like GPS or GALILEO supplemented by other onboard sensor data, whereby unprocessed sensor data and satellite pseudo range information will be exchanged between the vehicles within a dedicated radio range. These data, when compared with the onboard data, will finally enable the creation of virtual images of a vehicle?s surrounding using special microscopic traffic modelling algorithms. Future applications are road safety and Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS).

@inproceedings{Varschen2006,
	author = {Christian Varschen and Peter Wagner},
	booktitle = {AMUS 2006 (7. Aachener Kolloqium "Mobilit\"at und Stadt")},
	title = {Mikroskopische Modellierung der Personenverkehrsnachfrage auf Basis von Zeitverwendungstageb\"uchern},
	year = {2006},
	editor = {Klaus J. Beckmann},
	pages = {63--69},
	publisher = {Institut f\"ur Stadtbauwesen und Stadtverkehr, RWTH Aachen},
	series = {Stadt Region Land},
	volume = {81},
	abstract = {Die wachsende Verkehrsleistung und die hieraus resultierenden Verkehrsprobleme
	f?hren verst?rkt zu der Frage, mit welchen Konzepten der zuk?nftige
	Verkehrsbedarf erf?llt werden kann. Wichtige Werkzeuge im Rahmen
	von Verkehrsplanung und Verkehrsmanagement sind Verkehrsmodelle,
	mit denen Prognosen des zu erwartenden Verkehrsaufkommens erstellt
	werden k?nnen und die damit Ansatzpunkte f?r seine verbesserte Lenkung
	liefern. Im Rahmen mehrerer Projekte wird das am DLR-IVF entwickelte
	agentenbasierte Personennachfragemodell TAPAS (Travel and Activity
	PAtterns Simulation) genutzt. In diesem Modell wird ein aktivit?ten-basierter
	Ansatz verwendet, welcher auf der Analyse von Zeitverwendungsdaten
	beruht. Daher sind die zur Verf?gung stehenden Aktivit?tenmuster
	auf die in den Zeitverwendungsdaten enthaltenen beschr?nkt, was f?r
	Prognosen eine starke Einschr?nkung darstellt. Die hier beschriebene
	Erweiterung des Modells erm?glicht das Einf?gen neuer Aktivit?tenkategorien;
	TAPAS beschreibt jede Aktivit?t durch vier Parameter, die sich alle
	aus Erhebungen sch?tzen lassen: Anteil und Umfang der Nutzung der
	(f?r TAPAS neuen) Aktivit?t sowie die zeitliche Variabilit?t der
	Aktivit?t hinsichtlich Anfangszeitpunkt und Dauer. Die ersten beiden
	Parameter werden direkt aus den empirischen Daten gewonnen, w?hrend
	die letzten beiden sich aus der statistischen Variation der Erhebungen
	ergeben. Die Weiterentwicklung des Modells pr?zisiert die Absch?tzung
	der Personenverkehrsnachfrage unter besonderer Ber?cksichtigung spezifischer
	wissenschaftlicher und politischer Fragestellungen. Die enge Verkn?pfung
	mit empirischen Daten erh?ht zudem eine hohe Zuverl?ssigkeit von
	Prognosen.},
	groups = {TAPAS, generation, TS, VF, assigned2groups},
	journal = {Integrierte Mikro-Simulation von Raum- und Verkehrsentwicklung. Theorie, Konzepte, Modelle, Praxis},
	keywords = {Personenverkehrsnachfrage, Modellierung, aktivit?ten-basiert, Zeitbudget, TAPAS},
	owner = {Daniel},
	timestamp = {2011.12.02},
	url = {http://elib.dlr.de/45058/}
}


Copy

Die wachsende Verkehrsleistung und die hieraus resultierenden Verkehrsprobleme f?hren verst?rkt zu der Frage, mit welchen Konzepten der zuk?nftige Verkehrsbedarf erf?llt werden kann. Wichtige Werkzeuge im Rahmen von Verkehrsplanung und Verkehrsmanagement sind Verkehrsmodelle, mit denen Prognosen des zu erwartenden Verkehrsaufkommens erstellt werden k?nnen und die damit Ansatzpunkte f?r seine verbesserte Lenkung liefern. Im Rahmen mehrerer Projekte wird das am DLR-IVF entwickelte agentenbasierte Personennachfragemodell TAPAS (Travel and Activity PAtterns Simulation) genutzt. In diesem Modell wird ein aktivit?ten-basierter Ansatz verwendet, welcher auf der Analyse von Zeitverwendungsdaten beruht. Daher sind die zur Verf?gung stehenden Aktivit?tenmuster auf die in den Zeitverwendungsdaten enthaltenen beschr?nkt, was f?r Prognosen eine starke Einschr?nkung darstellt. Die hier beschriebene Erweiterung des Modells erm?glicht das Einf?gen neuer Aktivit?tenkategorien; TAPAS beschreibt jede Aktivit?t durch vier Parameter, die sich alle aus Erhebungen sch?tzen lassen: Anteil und Umfang der Nutzung der (f?r TAPAS neuen) Aktivit?t sowie die zeitliche Variabilit?t der Aktivit?t hinsichtlich Anfangszeitpunkt und Dauer. Die ersten beiden Parameter werden direkt aus den empirischen Daten gewonnen, w?hrend die letzten beiden sich aus der statistischen Variation der Erhebungen ergeben. Die Weiterentwicklung des Modells pr?zisiert die Absch?tzung der Personenverkehrsnachfrage unter besonderer Ber?cksichtigung spezifischer wissenschaftlicher und politischer Fragestellungen. Die enge Verkn?pfung mit empirischen Daten erh?ht zudem eine hohe Zuverl?ssigkeit von Prognosen.

@article{Brockfeld2005a,
	author = {Elmar Brockfeld and Reinhart K\"uhne and Peter Wagner},
	journal = {Transportation Research Records},
	title = {Calibration and Validation of Microscopic Traffic Flow Models},
	year = {2005},
	month = {Januar},
	pages = {179--187},
	volume = {1934},
	abstract = {Since microscopic models are being heavily used in applications, the
	appropriate calibration and validation have been a recent concern.
	The contribution of this paper is to compare some of these models
	by calibrating and validating them with data from double-loop detectors
	on a multilane freeway. To simplify this task, the test of the models
	is done by simplifying the multilane reality to a simulation of only
	single lane. The results show that by simulating the multilane road
	with single lane models, calibration errors (Theil?s U, root mean
	squared error) of 14 % to 16 % can be obtained. A validation of the
	models ?which means taking calibrated parameters of one data set
	to reproduce the other data sets? gives additional errors of about
	0.5 to 2.5 percentage points. This is in good agreement with other
	calibration/validation approaches performed recently.},
	booktitle = {Transportation Research Board 2005},
	editor = {Transportation Research Board},
	groups = {calibration&validation, TS, assigned2groups},
	keywords = {microscopic traffic flow models, calibration/validation, freeway data, DLR/TS/VM, model calibration},
	owner = {dkrajzew},
	timestamp = {2011.09.30},
	url = {http://elib.dlr.de/20987/}
}


Copy

Since microscopic models are being heavily used in applications, the appropriate calibration and validation have been a recent concern. The contribution of this paper is to compare some of these models by calibrating and validating them with data from double-loop detectors on a multilane freeway. To simplify this task, the test of the models is done by simplifying the multilane reality to a simulation of only single lane. The results show that by simulating the multilane road with single lane models, calibration errors (Theil?s U, root mean squared error) of 14 % to 16 % can be obtained. A validation of the models ?which means taking calibrated parameters of one data set to reproduce the other data sets? gives additional errors of about 0.5 to 2.5 percentage points. This is in good agreement with other calibration/validation approaches performed recently.

@inproceedings{Brockfeld2005,
	author = {Elmar Brockfeld and Stefan Lorkowski},
	booktitle = {ISTTT 16},
	title = {Calibration of car-following models using Kalman filters},
	year = {2005},
	abstract = {Calibration and validation, especially of microscopic traffic flow
	models is a challenging task. Currently, ther is a renewed interest
	in results of those efforts [1, 2] as well as in developing the right
	tools to actually perform the calibration. The approach developed
	in [1] will be refined, extended and compared to an approach based
	on the recent development of a so called unscented Kalman filter
	[3]. These methods will be used to calibrate a couple of microscopic
	traffic flow models to two sets of freeway data, one US-American
	(the I-880 FSP-dataset) and an European dataset, data from the German
	freeway A100.},
	groups = {calibration&validation, TS, assigned2groups},
	keywords = {calibration, validation, Kalman filter, , DLR/TS/VM, model calibration},
	owner = {dkrajzew},
	timestamp = {2011.09.30},
	url = {http://elib.dlr.de/22391/}
}


Copy

Calibration and validation, especially of microscopic traffic flow models is a challenging task. Currently, ther is a renewed interest in results of those efforts [1, 2] as well as in developing the right tools to actually perform the calibration. The approach developed in [1] will be refined, extended and compared to an approach based on the recent development of a so called unscented Kalman filter [3]. These methods will be used to calibrate a couple of microscopic traffic flow models to two sets of freeway data, one US-American (the I-880 FSP-dataset) and an European dataset, data from the German freeway A100.

@inproceedings{Cottingham2005,
	author = {David N. Cottingham AND Jonathan J. Davies AND Alastair R. Beresford},
	title = {{Congestion-Aware Vehicular Traffic Routing Using WiFi Hotspots}},
	booktitle = {{Communications Innovation Institute Workshop}},
	year = {2005},
	month = {apr},
	organization = {Cambridge-MIT Institute},
	note = {Conference Paper},
	keywords = {V2X, Assignment, University of Cambridge},
	owner = {Jonathan Davies (jjd27)},
	timestamp = {2011.09.19},
	url = {http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/research/dtg/www/files/publications/public/jjd27/ciiHandout.pdf}
}


Copy

@inproceedings{Krajzewicz2005a,
	author = {Daniel Krajzewicz and Elmar Brockfeld and J\"urgen Mikat and Julia Ringel and C. R\"ossel and Wolfram Tuchscheerer and Peter Wagner and Richard W\"osler},
	booktitle = {3rd Industrial Simulation Conference 2005},
	title = {Simulation of modern Traffic Lights Control Systems using the open source Traffic Simulation SUMO},
	year = {2005},
	editor = {J. Kr\"uger and A. Lisounkin and G. Schreck},
	month = {Juni},
	pages = {299--302},
	publisher = {EUROSIS-ETI},
	abstract = {Within the project ?OIS? (optical information systems) new traffic
	control mechanisms had to be invented and tested. One of the most
	important topics was to optimize the flow over a junction using information
	from the OIS sensors which can not be measured using normal sensors
	such as induct loops. For this purpose, an ?agentbased? traffic lights
	logic algorithm was used, which uses the length of a jam in front
	of a traffic light as input. As we had no possibility to test the
	traffic lights control within the reality, the improvement of the
	flow throughput of such junctions was shown using the open source
	traffic Simulation ?SUMO? (Simulation of Urban MObility) [1, 2].
	This publication describes the algorithm itself and how it was embedded
	within the simulation. Furthermore, the simulation results are given.},
	groups = {used, OIS, TLS, TS, assigned2groups},
	journal = {Proceedings of the 3rd Industrial Simulation Conference 2005},
	keywords = {Microscopic traffic simulation, open source, traffic lights, traffic research},
	owner = {Daniel},
	timestamp = {2011.12.02},
	url = {http://elib.dlr.de/21012/}
}


Copy

Within the project ?OIS? (optical information systems) new traffic control mechanisms had to be invented and tested. One of the most important topics was to optimize the flow over a junction using information from the OIS sensors which can not be measured using normal sensors such as induct loops. For this purpose, an ?agentbased? traffic lights logic algorithm was used, which uses the length of a jam in front of a traffic light as input. As we had no possibility to test the traffic lights control within the reality, the improvement of the flow throughput of such junctions was shown using the open source traffic Simulation ?SUMO? (Simulation of Urban MObility) [1, 2]. This publication describes the algorithm itself and how it was embedded within the simulation. Furthermore, the simulation results are given.

@inproceedings{Krajzewicz2005,
	author = {Daniel Krajzewicz and Georg Hertkorn and Julia Ringel and Peter Wagner},
	booktitle = {3rd Industrial Simulation Conference 2005},
	title = {Preparation of Digital Maps for Traffic Simulation; Part 1: Approach and Algorithms},
	year = {2005},
	editor = {J. Kr\"uger and A. Lisounkin and G. Schreck},
	month = {Juni},
	pages = {285--290},
	publisher = {EUROSIS-ETI},
	abstract = {Traffic simulations are an accepted tool for investigations on road
	traffic and used widely within the traffic science community. Modern
	computer systems are fast enough to model and simulate traffic within
	large areas at a microscopic scale regarding each vehicle, replacing
	macroscopic simulations in most cases. Although microscopic traffic
	simulations offer better quality than macroscopic ones, they also
	need additional data to describe the modelled road networks. A street?s
	lanes are modelled explicitly within microscopic simulations and
	in most cases also the connections between their lanes over junctions.
	If one wants to model large areas, the best source to get the description
	about their road network is the usage of digital maps. Unfortunately,
	most of these are used for routing purposes and do not contain the
	fine-grained information mentioned above that is needed by microscopic
	simulations. This document describes an algorithm for the computation
	of the needed information from simple road networks.},
	groups = {presentation, road networks, TS, assigned2groups},
	journal = {Proceedings of the 3rd Industrial Simulation Conference 2005},
	keywords = {Microscopic traffic simulation, digital road maps, open source, traffic research},
	owner = {Daniel},
	timestamp = {2011.12.02},
	url = {http://elib.dlr.de/21013/}
}


Copy

Traffic simulations are an accepted tool for investigations on road traffic and used widely within the traffic science community. Modern computer systems are fast enough to model and simulate traffic within large areas at a microscopic scale regarding each vehicle, replacing macroscopic simulations in most cases. Although microscopic traffic simulations offer better quality than macroscopic ones, they also need additional data to describe the modelled road networks. A street?s lanes are modelled explicitly within microscopic simulations and in most cases also the connections between their lanes over junctions. If one wants to model large areas, the best source to get the description about their road network is the usage of digital maps. Unfortunately, most of these are used for routing purposes and do not contain the fine-grained information mentioned above that is needed by microscopic simulations. This document describes an algorithm for the computation of the needed information from simple road networks.

@mastersthesis{Lehr2005,
	author = {Sebastian Lehr},
	title = {Optimierung der Kommunikation zwischen am Verkehr beteiligten Strukturen},
	school = {Fachhochschule f�r Technik und Wirtschaft Berlin},
	year = {2005},
	month = {January},
	file = {:https\://sumo.dlr.de/pdf/DiplomarbeitSebastianLehr.pdf:URL},
	keywords = {Fachhochschule f�r Technik und Wirtschaft Berlin, DLR/TS/VM, sumo},
	owner = {dkrajzew},
	timestamp = {2011.09.19},
	url = {https://sumo.dlr.de/pdf/DiplomarbeitSebastianLehr.pdf}
}


Copy

@inproceedings{Brockfeld2004c,
	author = {Elmar Brockfeld and Reinhart K\"uhne and Peter Wagner},
	booktitle = {TRB Annual Meeting},
	title = {Calibration and Validation of Microscopic Traffic Flow Models},
	year = {2004},
	editor = {Transportation Research Board},
	number = {TRB2004-001743},
	pages = {62--70},
	volume = {1876},
	abstract = {Microscopic simulation models are becoming increasingly important
	tools in modeling transport systems. There are a large number of
	available models used in many countries. the most difficult stage
	in the development and use of such models is the calibration and
	validation of the microscopic sub-models describing the traffic flow,
	such as the car following, lane changing and gap acceptance models.
	This difficulty is due to the lack of suitable methods for adapting
	models to empirical data. The aim of this paper is to present recent
	progress in calibratin a number of microscopic traffic flow models.
	By calibrating and validating various models using the same data
	sets, the models are directly comparable to each other. This sets
	the basis for a transparent benchmarking of those models. Furthermore,
	the advantages and disadvantages of each model can be analyzed better
	to develop a more realistic behavior of the simulated vehicles In
	this work various microscopic traffic flow models have been tested
	from a very microscopic point of view concerning the car-follwing
	behavior and gap-acceptance. The data used for calibration and validation
	is from car-following experiments performed in Japan in October 2001.
	The data have been collected by letting nine DGPS-equipped cars follow
	a lead car driving along a 3 km test track for about 15-30 minutes.
	So one gets the positions and speeds of each car in time intervals
	of 0.1 seconds. The experiment was repeated eight times letting the
	leading driver perform various driving in waves and emulating many
	acceleations/decelerations as they are typical at intersections.
	To minimize driver-dependent correlations between the data sets,
	the drivers were exchanged between the cars regularly after each
	experiment},
	groups = {calibration&validation, TS, assigned2groups},
	journal = {TRB 2004 Annual Meeting},
	keywords = {calibration, validation, traffic flow models, microscopic, GPS, DGPS, DLR/TS/VM, model calibration},
	owner = {dkrajzew},
	timestamp = {2011.09.30},
	url = {http://elib.dlr.de/6652/}
}


Copy

Microscopic simulation models are becoming increasingly important tools in modeling transport systems. There are a large number of available models used in many countries. the most difficult stage in the development and use of such models is the calibration and validation of the microscopic sub-models describing the traffic flow, such as the car following, lane changing and gap acceptance models. This difficulty is due to the lack of suitable methods for adapting models to empirical data. The aim of this paper is to present recent progress in calibratin a number of microscopic traffic flow models. By calibrating and validating various models using the same data sets, the models are directly comparable to each other. This sets the basis for a transparent benchmarking of those models. Furthermore, the advantages and disadvantages of each model can be analyzed better to develop a more realistic behavior of the simulated vehicles In this work various microscopic traffic flow models have been tested from a very microscopic point of view concerning the car-follwing behavior and gap-acceptance. The data used for calibration and validation is from car-following experiments performed in Japan in October 2001. The data have been collected by letting nine DGPS-equipped cars follow a lead car driving along a 3 km test track for about 15-30 minutes. So one gets the positions and speeds of each car in time intervals of 0.1 seconds. The experiment was repeated eight times letting the leading driver perform various driving in waves and emulating many acceleations/decelerations as they are typical at intersections. To minimize driver-dependent correlations between the data sets, the drivers were exchanged between the cars regularly after each experiment

@inproceedings{Brockfeld2004b,
	author = {Elmar Brockfeld and Rene Kelpin and Peter Wagner},
	booktitle = {2nd International Symposium "Networks for Mobility"},
	title = {Performance of car following behaviour in microscopic traffic flow models},
	year = {2004},
	editor = {W. M\"ohlenbrink and F.C. Englmann and M. Friedrich and U. Martin and U. Hangleiter},
	pages = {43--43},
	publisher = {Universit\"at Stuttgart},
	abstract = {Microscopic simulation models are becoming increasingly important
	tools in modelling transport systems. They are applied in simulation
	programs for transport planning, traffic forecasting and advanced
	vehicle control and safety systems (AVCSS). An important part of
	the models are the microscopic sub-models which describe the interaction
	between adjacent vehicles. For that purpose rules and equations are
	defined describing the car-following and lane changing behaviour
	of the vehicles. An essential problem is the calibration and validation
	of the parameters used in these rules. In this paper ten microscopic
	traffic flow models of very different kind are analysed concerning
	the correct reproduction of the car-following behaviour on single
	lane roads. The models are calibrated and validated with data collected
	via DGPS-equipped cars (Differential Global Positioning System) on
	a test track in Japan. The positions of the cars are delivered every
	0.1 second with very high accuracy, which is perfect for analysing
	the car following behaviour. To calibrate the models, in each case
	one driver pair is under consideration. The measured data of a leading
	car are fed into the model under consideration and the model is used
	to compute the behaviour of a following car. In the analysis the
	resulting simulated time series of headways are carried out and the
	deviations to the measured headways are calculated to calibrate the
	models. To find the optimal parameters an automated optimisation
	technique is used which tries to minimise the deviations. For validation
	purposes the resulting optimal parameter sets for single data sets
	are taken to reproduce some other data sets by simulation. At first,
	this is done in a driver independent way, where the drivers in the
	data set used for the calibration are different from those used for
	the validation. Secondly, to investigate whether individual driver
	behaviour can be reproduced better a driver-special validation is
	conducted, where the calibrated parameter sets obtained for each
	driver are taken to validate the behaviour of the same driver in
	other situations. Main results of the analyses are that all models
	produce nearly the same errors, thus sophisticated models with up
	to 15 parameters seem not to be better than simple models with only
	4 or 6 parameters. In total it is found that the differences in the
	driver behaviour are much bigger than the diversity of the models.
	At last, the validation with special driver pairs produces slightly
	better results than the driver-independent validation. Thus, the
	behaviour of individual drivers can be reproduced a bit more accurately
	than trying to transfer optimal parameter results from one driver
	to another.},
	groups = {calibration&validation, TS, assigned2groups},
	journal = {Networks for Mobility 2004, Proceedings - Abstracts and CD-ROM},
	keywords = {simulation,model,microscopic models,calibration,validation,GPS,DGPS,car following, DLR/TS/VM},
	owner = {dkrajzew},
	timestamp = {2011.09.30},
	url = {http://elib.dlr.de/21349/}
}


Copy

Microscopic simulation models are becoming increasingly important tools in modelling transport systems. They are applied in simulation programs for transport planning, traffic forecasting and advanced vehicle control and safety systems (AVCSS). An important part of the models are the microscopic sub-models which describe the interaction between adjacent vehicles. For that purpose rules and equations are defined describing the car-following and lane changing behaviour of the vehicles. An essential problem is the calibration and validation of the parameters used in these rules. In this paper ten microscopic traffic flow models of very different kind are analysed concerning the correct reproduction of the car-following behaviour on single lane roads. The models are calibrated and validated with data collected via DGPS-equipped cars (Differential Global Positioning System) on a test track in Japan. The positions of the cars are delivered every 0.1 second with very high accuracy, which is perfect for analysing the car following behaviour. To calibrate the models, in each case one driver pair is under consideration. The measured data of a leading car are fed into the model under consideration and the model is used to compute the behaviour of a following car. In the analysis the resulting simulated time series of headways are carried out and the deviations to the measured headways are calculated to calibrate the models. To find the optimal parameters an automated optimisation technique is used which tries to minimise the deviations. For validation purposes the resulting optimal parameter sets for single data sets are taken to reproduce some other data sets by simulation. At first, this is done in a driver independent way, where the drivers in the data set used for the calibration are different from those used for the validation. Secondly, to investigate whether individual driver behaviour can be reproduced better a driver-special validation is conducted, where the calibrated parameter sets obtained for each driver are taken to validate the behaviour of the same driver in other situations. Main results of the analyses are that all models produce nearly the same errors, thus sophisticated models with up to 15 parameters seem not to be better than simple models with only 4 or 6 parameters. In total it is found that the differences in the driver behaviour are much bigger than the diversity of the models. At last, the validation with special driver pairs produces slightly better results than the driver-independent validation. Thus, the behaviour of individual drivers can be reproduced a bit more accurately than trying to transfer optimal parameter results from one driver to another.

@inproceedings{Brockfeld2004,
	author = {Elmar Brockfeld and Peter Wagner},
	booktitle = {WCTR04 - 10th World Conference on Transport Research},
	title = {Testing and Benchmarking of Microscopic Traffic Flow Models},
	year = {2004},
	number = {A-D},
	pages = {775--776},
	volume = {abstract book I},
	abstract = {Microscopic simulation models are becoming increasingly important
	tools in modelling transport systems. There are large number of available
	models used in many countries. The important difficult stage in the
	development and use of such models is the calibration and validation
	of the microscopic sub-models describing the traffic flow, such as
	the car following models for example. The aim of this paper is to
	present recent progress in calibrating more than a dozen microscopic
	traffic flow models with very different data sets conducted by DGPS-equipped
	cars (Differential Global Positioning System), loop detectors and
	human observers. Different approaches to measure the errors the models
	produce in comparison to reality are compared. It can be stated that
	from a microscopic point of view errors of about 15-20 % in headway-
	and travel time-estimation and about 2-7 % in speed-estimation of
	individual vehicles in the car following process seem to be the minimal
	reachable level. Furthermore, the larger the simulation horizon is,
	the smaller the diversity of the analyzed models become in comparison
	to the diversity in the driver behaviour. Most interesting, no model
	cold be denoted to be the best and especially highly sophisticated
	models did not produce better results than very simple ones.},
	groups = {calibration&validation, TS, assigned2groups},
	journal = {Proceedings of the 10th World Conference on Transport Research},
	keywords = {traffic flow modeling, benchmarking, simulation, GPS, DLR/TS/VM, model calibration},
	owner = {dkrajzew},
	timestamp = {2011.09.30},
	url = {http://elib.dlr.de/6709/}
}


Copy

Microscopic simulation models are becoming increasingly important tools in modelling transport systems. There are large number of available models used in many countries. The important difficult stage in the development and use of such models is the calibration and validation of the microscopic sub-models describing the traffic flow, such as the car following models for example. The aim of this paper is to present recent progress in calibrating more than a dozen microscopic traffic flow models with very different data sets conducted by DGPS-equipped cars (Differential Global Positioning System), loop detectors and human observers. Different approaches to measure the errors the models produce in comparison to reality are compared. It can be stated that from a microscopic point of view errors of about 15-20 % in headway- and travel time-estimation and about 2-7 % in speed-estimation of individual vehicles in the car following process seem to be the minimal reachable level. Furthermore, the larger the simulation horizon is, the smaller the diversity of the analyzed models become in comparison to the diversity in the driver behaviour. Most interesting, no model cold be denoted to be the best and especially highly sophisticated models did not produce better results than very simple ones.

@unpublished{Brockfeld2004a,
	author = {Elmar Brockfeld and Peter Wagner},
	title = {Kalibrierung und Validierung von mikroskopischen Verkehrsflussmodellen},
	year = {2004},
	abstract = {Mikroskopische Verkehrsmodelle entwickeln sich zu immer wichtigeren
	Hilfsmitteln bei der Modellierung von Transportsystemen. Sie helfen
	bei der Infrastrukturplanung und beim Design von kleinr?umigen Bereichen
	wie etwa Ampelkreuzungen bis hin zu gro?en Verkehrsnetzen. Auch im
	Bereich der Verkehrsprognose, speziell der Kurzfristprognose und
	bei der Entwicklung von Fahrerassistenzsystemen werde sie immer h?ufiger
	eingesetzt. Von diesen Modellen gibt es eine sehr gro?e Anzahl, die
	in vielen verschiedenen L?ndern eingesetzt werden. Oft ist jedoch
	nicht hinreichend klar, welches Modell welche Verkehrsph?nomene und
	Fahrerverhalten wie genau abbildet. Der schwierigste Schritt bei
	der Entwicklung und Nutzung solcher Modelle ist der Abgleich der
	mikroskopischen Teilmodelle, die den Verkehrsfluss beschreiben, mit
	realen Daten - also die Kalibrierung und Validierung. Diese Teilmodelle
	sind z. B. Fahrzeugfolgemodelle, Spurwechselmodelle und Abstands-Akzeptanz-Modelle.
	Die Schwierigkeit der Kalibrierung liegt vor allem darin, dass derzeit
	noch keine Methoden etabliert sind, wie die Modell mikroskopisch
	mit realen Daten verglichen werden sollten. Im Vortrag werden methoden
	hierf?r vorgeschlagen und aktuelle Forschungsergebnisse bzgl. des
	Vergleichs verschiedener Verkehrsflussmodelle anhand realer Daten
	vorgestellt. Die Modell wurden alle mit denselben ?ffentlich zug?nglichen
	Datens?tzen kalibriert und validiert, wodurch vor allem Vergleichbarkeit
	und Transparenz der ERgebnisse hergestellt wird. Ein wesentliches
	Ergebnis ist bisher, dass komplexere Modelle nicht notwendigerweise
	besser sein m?ssen als sehr einfach strukturierte. Ferner geben die
	Ergebnisse Hinweise auf eine bisher unzureichende Abbildung des Fahrerverhaltens
	in den Modellen.},
	booktitle = {Braunschweiger Verkehrskolloquium des Zentrumf f\"ur Verkehr (ZVB)},
	groups = {calibration&validation, TS, assigned2groups},
	keywords = {Kalibrierung, Validierung, Fahrzeugdaten, Modelle, Simulation, DLR/TS/VM, model calibration},
	owner = {dkrajzew},
	timestamp = {2011.09.30},
	url = {http://elib.dlr.de/6706/}
}


Copy

Mikroskopische Verkehrsmodelle entwickeln sich zu immer wichtigeren Hilfsmitteln bei der Modellierung von Transportsystemen. Sie helfen bei der Infrastrukturplanung und beim Design von kleinr?umigen Bereichen wie etwa Ampelkreuzungen bis hin zu gro?en Verkehrsnetzen. Auch im Bereich der Verkehrsprognose, speziell der Kurzfristprognose und bei der Entwicklung von Fahrerassistenzsystemen werde sie immer h?ufiger eingesetzt. Von diesen Modellen gibt es eine sehr gro?e Anzahl, die in vielen verschiedenen L?ndern eingesetzt werden. Oft ist jedoch nicht hinreichend klar, welches Modell welche Verkehrsph?nomene und Fahrerverhalten wie genau abbildet. Der schwierigste Schritt bei der Entwicklung und Nutzung solcher Modelle ist der Abgleich der mikroskopischen Teilmodelle, die den Verkehrsfluss beschreiben, mit realen Daten - also die Kalibrierung und Validierung. Diese Teilmodelle sind z. B. Fahrzeugfolgemodelle, Spurwechselmodelle und Abstands-Akzeptanz-Modelle. Die Schwierigkeit der Kalibrierung liegt vor allem darin, dass derzeit noch keine Methoden etabliert sind, wie die Modell mikroskopisch mit realen Daten verglichen werden sollten. Im Vortrag werden methoden hierf?r vorgeschlagen und aktuelle Forschungsergebnisse bzgl. des Vergleichs verschiedener Verkehrsflussmodelle anhand realer Daten vorgestellt. Die Modell wurden alle mit denselben ?ffentlich zug?nglichen Datens?tzen kalibriert und validiert, wodurch vor allem Vergleichbarkeit und Transparenz der ERgebnisse hergestellt wird. Ein wesentliches Ergebnis ist bisher, dass komplexere Modelle nicht notwendigerweise besser sein m?ssen als sehr einfach strukturierte. Ferner geben die Ergebnisse Hinweise auf eine bisher unzureichende Abbildung des Fahrerverhaltens in den Modellen.

@inproceedings{Krajzewicz2004b,
	author = {Daniel Krajzewicz and Markus Hartinger and Georg Hertkorn and Eric Nicolay and Christian R\"ossel and Julia Ringel and Peter Wagner},
	booktitle = {WCTR04 - 10th World Conference on Transport Research},
	title = {Recent Extensions to the open source Traffic Simulation SUMO},
	year = {2004},
	abstract = {"SUMO" is the acronym for "Simulation of Urban MObility", an open
	source simulation package developed since 2000 at the Institute for
	Transportation Research at the German Aerospace Centre (DLR) and
	the Centre for Applied Informatics, Cologne (ZAIK). This quite ambitious
	project has recently entered his version 0.8 and we will describe
	some of the new features herein. Some of them are a new visualisation
	module, an extension of the junction concept, simulation of actuated
	traffic lights and many more. We hope this information to be interesting
	for the traffic science community as the software may be downloaded
	and extended for free.},
	groups = {presentation, simulation packages, TS, assigned2groups},
	journal = {Proceedings of the 10th World Conference on Transport Research (on CD)},
	keywords = {SUMO},
	owner = {Daniel},
	timestamp = {2011.12.02},
	url = {http://elib.dlr.de/19475/}
}


Copy

"SUMO" is the acronym for "Simulation of Urban MObility", an open source simulation package developed since 2000 at the Institute for Transportation Research at the German Aerospace Centre (DLR) and the Centre for Applied Informatics, Cologne (ZAIK). This quite ambitious project has recently entered his version 0.8 and we will describe some of the new features herein. Some of them are a new visualisation module, an extension of the junction concept, simulation of actuated traffic lights and many more. We hope this information to be interesting for the traffic science community as the software may be downloaded and extended for free.

@inproceedings{Krajzewicz2004a,
	author = {Daniel Krajzewicz and Reinhart K\"uhne and Peter Wagner},
	booktitle = {ITS Safety and Security Conference},
	title = {A Car Driver's Cognition Model},
	year = {2004},
	volume = {CD},
	abstract = {There is a basic need in transportation planning and traffic engineering
	for developing and testing traffic models of different granularity.
	Although our major intrest is the replication of traffic within larger
	areas, both the current research on traffic safety and the desire
	to improve the quality of microscopic simulations makes it necessary
	to deal with the car driver?s cognition on a finer scale. This paper
	presents our model assumptions for such sub-microscopic simulations,
	which are based on results from cognitive psychology. Although some
	preliminary work of this type is available, most of these applications
	are not open to the public, which makes them useless for scientific
	purposes. the cognition simulations availabele up to now mostly deal
	withmemory processes and are not easily extendable by further structures
	such as vehickles with their dynamics or a representation of the
	simulated environment. These considerations motivated us to develop
	the above mentioned model from scratch. The design of the model described
	herein includes sub-models of a human being?s perception, visual
	attention, internal environment representation and decision making
	as well as the execution of actions in a simulated vehicle. Results
	both from cognitive psychology and the research on human-machine
	interaction are incorporated. This paper reveals our premises for
	a driver?s cognition model and describes the model itself, followed
	by a discussion of the model?s restrictions. As the implementation
	process is not yet closed, only some basic results are presented
	and a look into the furture of the model is given.},
	file = {:http\://elib.dlr.de/6671/2/ITS_dkrajzew_ss25-29.pdf:URL},
	groups = {ACMEDriver, submicro, TS, assigned2groups},
	journal = {Proceedings of Intelligent Transportation Systems Safety and Security Conference},
	keywords = {driver modeling, cognition, sub-microscopic traffic flow modelling, model, lane-changing, Verkehrsmodellierung, Simulation, Anwendungen, Modelle, Programme, Verkehrssicherheit, Verkehrstr?ger Stra?e},
	owner = {Daniel},
	timestamp = {2011.12.02},
	url = {http://elib.dlr.de/6671/}
}


Copy

There is a basic need in transportation planning and traffic engineering for developing and testing traffic models of different granularity. Although our major intrest is the replication of traffic within larger areas, both the current research on traffic safety and the desire to improve the quality of microscopic simulations makes it necessary to deal with the car driver?s cognition on a finer scale. This paper presents our model assumptions for such sub-microscopic simulations, which are based on results from cognitive psychology. Although some preliminary work of this type is available, most of these applications are not open to the public, which makes them useless for scientific purposes. the cognition simulations availabele up to now mostly deal withmemory processes and are not easily extendable by further structures such as vehickles with their dynamics or a representation of the simulated environment. These considerations motivated us to develop the above mentioned model from scratch. The design of the model described herein includes sub-models of a human being?s perception, visual attention, internal environment representation and decision making as well as the execution of actions in a simulated vehicle. Results both from cognitive psychology and the research on human-machine interaction are incorporated. This paper reveals our premises for a driver?s cognition model and describes the model itself, followed by a discussion of the model?s restrictions. As the implementation process is not yet closed, only some basic results are presented and a look into the furture of the model is given.

@article{Krajzewicz2004,
	author = {Daniel Krajzewicz and Peter Wagner},
	journal = {MMI-Interaktiv},
	title = {Ans\"atze zur kognitiven Simulation eines Autofahrers},
	year = {2004},
	number = {7},
	pages = {84--97},
	abstract = {Das Institut f?r Verkehrsforschung am Deutschen Zentrum f?r Luft-
	und Raumfahrt (IVF/DLR) setzt in vielen Projekten Simulationen des
	Stra?enverkehrs ein, z. B. um Schwachstellen in Verkehrsnetzen zu
	finden oder um Ger?te zur Verkehrskontrolle oder -beeinflussung w?hrend
	ihrer Entwicklung zu bewerten. In der Regel kommen dabei sogenannte
	mikroskopische Simulationen zum Einsatz, deren betrachtete Gr??e
	ein Fahrer-Fahrzeug-Objekt ist, das die Bewegung eines Fahrzeugs
	im Verkehrsnetz durch wenige Gleichungen beschreibt. Solche Modell
	erlauben die Simulation des Stra?enverkehrs gro?er St?dte in Echtzeit,
	allerdings bilden sie den Przess des Fahrzeugf?hrens nur vereinfacht
	ab. Innerhalb eines der Projekte des IVF soll das Verhalten eines
	einzelnen Autofahrers genauer untersucht und modelliert werden. W?hrend
	solche Modelle auch f?r andere Gebiete der Verkehrsforschung interessant
	sind, z. B. der Forschung zu Fahrsicherheit oder zu Fahrerassistenzsystemen,
	erhoffen wir uns, so R?ckschl?sse auf den Verkehrsfluss ziehen und
	somit die Qualit?t mikroskopischer Modell erh?hen zu k?nnen. Im Rahmen
	dieses Berichts sollen nach einer kurzen Einf?hrung in die Thematik
	"Verkehrssimulation" unsere ersten Ans?tze zum Aufbau einer
	in ein simuliertes Verkehrsgeschehen integrierten Simulation der
	Fahrerkognition gegeben werden.},
	editor = {S. Leuchter and M. C. Kindsm\"uller and D. Schulze-Kissing and L. Urbas},
	file = {:http\://elib.dlr.de/6721/2/zmms_krajzewicz_wagner.pdf:URL},
	groups = {mentioned, ACMEDriver, submicro, TS, assigned2groups},
	keywords = {Fahrermodellierung, Verkehrssimulationen, Verkehrsmodelle, Kognition},
	owner = {Daniel},
	publisher = {Technische Universit\"at Berlin},
	series = {Modellierung und Simulation in Mensch-Maschine-Systemen},
	timestamp = {2011.12.02},
	url = {http://elib.dlr.de/6721/}
}


Copy

Das Institut f?r Verkehrsforschung am Deutschen Zentrum f?r Luft- und Raumfahrt (IVF/DLR) setzt in vielen Projekten Simulationen des Stra?enverkehrs ein, z. B. um Schwachstellen in Verkehrsnetzen zu finden oder um Ger?te zur Verkehrskontrolle oder -beeinflussung w?hrend ihrer Entwicklung zu bewerten. In der Regel kommen dabei sogenannte mikroskopische Simulationen zum Einsatz, deren betrachtete Gr??e ein Fahrer-Fahrzeug-Objekt ist, das die Bewegung eines Fahrzeugs im Verkehrsnetz durch wenige Gleichungen beschreibt. Solche Modell erlauben die Simulation des Stra?enverkehrs gro?er St?dte in Echtzeit, allerdings bilden sie den Przess des Fahrzeugf?hrens nur vereinfacht ab. Innerhalb eines der Projekte des IVF soll das Verhalten eines einzelnen Autofahrers genauer untersucht und modelliert werden. W?hrend solche Modelle auch f?r andere Gebiete der Verkehrsforschung interessant sind, z. B. der Forschung zu Fahrsicherheit oder zu Fahrerassistenzsystemen, erhoffen wir uns, so R?ckschl?sse auf den Verkehrsfluss ziehen und somit die Qualit?t mikroskopischer Modell erh?hen zu k?nnen. Im Rahmen dieses Berichts sollen nach einer kurzen Einf?hrung in die Thematik "Verkehrssimulation" unsere ersten Ans?tze zum Aufbau einer in ein simuliertes Verkehrsgeschehen integrierten Simulation der Fahrerkognition gegeben werden.

@article{Brockfeld2003a,
	author = {Elmar Brockfeld and Reinhart K\"uhne and Alexander Skabardonis and Peter Wagner},
	journal = {Transportation Research Records},
	title = {Towards a benchmarking of Microscopic Traffic Flow Models},
	year = {2003},
	number = {TRB2003-001164},
	pages = {124--129},
	volume = {1852},
	abstract = {Several microscopic traffic models have been tested with a publicly
	available data set. The task was to predict the travel times between
	sever observers along a one-lane rural road, given as boundary conditions
	the flow into this road and the flow out of it. By using nonlinear
	optimization, for each of the models the best matching set of parameters
	have been estimated. For this particular data set, the models that
	performed best are the ones with the smalles number of parameters.
	The average error rate of the models is about 16 %, however, this
	value is not very reliable: the error rate fluctuates between 2.5
	and 25 % for different parts of the data set.},
	booktitle = {82nd Annual Meeting Transportation Research Board},
	editor = {Transportation Research Board},
	groups = {calibration&validation, TS, assigned2groups},
	keywords = {calibration, validation, simulation, models, microscopic flow models, DLR/TS/VM, model calibration},
	owner = {dkrajzew},
	timestamp = {2011.09.30},
	url = {http://elib.dlr.de/6646/}
}


Copy

Several microscopic traffic models have been tested with a publicly available data set. The task was to predict the travel times between sever observers along a one-lane rural road, given as boundary conditions the flow into this road and the flow out of it. By using nonlinear optimization, for each of the models the best matching set of parameters have been estimated. For this particular data set, the models that performed best are the ones with the smalles number of parameters. The average error rate of the models is about 16 %, however, this value is not very reliable: the error rate fluctuates between 2.5 and 25 % for different parts of the data set.

@inproceedings{Brockfeld2003,
	author = {Elmar Brockfeld and Peter Wagner},
	booktitle = {Traffic and Granular Flow '03},
	title = {Calibration and Validation of Microscopic Traffic Flow Models},
	year = {2003},
	editor = {P. H. L. Bovy and S. P. Hoogendoorn and M. Schreckenberg and D. E. Wolf},
	publisher = {Springer},
	abstract = {Microscopic simulation models are becoming increasingly important
	tools in modeling transport systems. There are a large number of
	available models used in many countries. The most difficult stage
	in the development and use of such models is the calibration and
	validation of the microscopic sub-models describing the traffic flow,
	such as the car following, lane changing and gap acceptance models.
	This difficulty is due to the lack of suitable methods for adapting
	models to empirical data. The aim of this paper is to present recent
	progress in calibrating a number of microscopic traffic flow models.
	By calibrating and validating various models using the same data
	sets, the models are directly comparable to each other. This sets
	the basis for a transparent benchmarking of those models. Furthermore,
	the advantages and disadvantages of each model can be analyzed better
	to develop a more realistic behavior of the simulated vehicles.


	In this work various microscopic traffic flow models have been tested
	from a very microscopic point of view concerning the car-following
	behavior and gap-acceptance. The data used for calibration and validation
	is from car-following experiments performed in Japan in October 2001.
	The data have been collected by letting nine DGPS-equipped cars follow
	a lead car driving along a 3 km test track for about 15-30 minutes.
	So one gets the positions and speeds of each car in time intervals
	of 0.1 seconds. The experiment was repeated eight times letting the
	leading driver perform various driving patterns as there are constant
	speeds of 20, 40, 60 and 80 km/h for some time, driving in waves
	and emulating many accelerations/decelerations as they are typical
	at intersections. To minimize driver-dependent correlations between
	the data sets, the drivers were exchanged between the cars regularly
	after each experiment.


	In this paper we present analyses concerning four of the experiments,
	namely the patterns mostly with intervals of constant speeds and
	wave-performing. For each of the four experiments one gets the ten
	trajectories of the cars in form of the DGPS-positions and speeds.
	From these the accelerations and distances/gaps between the cars
	have been calculated, which are used then for the simulation runs.<br/>

	The study was done analyzing the time-development of the gaps between
	the cars. For the simulation setup only two cars are considered at
	a time. The leading car is updated as the speeds in the recorded
	data sets tell and the following car is updated as defined by the
	equations and rules of the used model, respectively. The absolute
	error a model produces is calculated via the simple quadratic distance
	between the recorded gaps and the simulated gaps. To get a percentage
	error it is additionally related to the mean average gap in each
	data set. Altogether 36 vehicle pairs (4 experiments * 9 vehicle
	pairs) were used as data sets for the analyses.


	Each model has been calibrated with each of the 36 different constellations
	separately gaining optimal parameter sets for each ?model - data
	set? combination. To find the optimal parameter constellations a
	gradient-free optimization method was used and started several times
	with different initialization values for each ?model - data set?
	pair. The variation in initialization is done to avoid sticking with
	a local minimum, which of course can occur because getting a global
	minimum can not be guaranteed by those type of optimization algorithms.
	Subsequently, the validation was performed by determining the error
	of a given model on all the data sets which have not been used to
	calibrate the model.


	By now, ten microscopic models of a very different kind using 3 to
	14 parameters have been tested. The most basic parameters used by
	the models are the car length, a maximum velocity, an acceleration
	and mostly a deceleration rate. The acceleration and deceleration
	rates are specified in more detail in some models depending on the
	recent speed or traffic states (indicated by density for example).
	Furthermore, some models use a parameter for random braking or another
	kind of stochastic parameter describing individual driver behavior.
	Finally, few models use much more parameters to describe the driver?s
	behavior, which will be briefly described in the final paper. As
	the time step for the models is 0.1 seconds according to the recorded
	data, some models with a traditional time step of 1 second ? as for
	example used for simple cellular automatons - have been modified
	to adopt for an arbitrarily small time-step. So far the models tested
	are as follows (more will be added): - CA (cellular automaton model
	by K. Nagel, M. Schreckenberg), - SK-model (model by S. Krauss),
	- OVM (?Optimal Velocity Model?, Bando, Hasebe), - IDM (?Intelligent
	Driver Model?, Helbing), - IDMM (?Intelligent Driver Model with Memory?,
	Helbing, Treiber), - CATauT (CA model with more variable acceleration
	and deceleration, own development), - GIPPSLIKE (basic model by P.G.
	Gipps), - Aerde (model used in the simulation package INTEGRATION),
	- FRITZSCHE (model used in the british software PARAMICS; it is similar
	to what is used in the german software VISSIM by PTV), - MitSim (model
	by Yang, Koutsopulus, used in the software MitSim).


	The error rates of the models in comparison to the data sets during
	the calibration for each model reach from 9 to 24 %. But no model
	appears to be significantly the best one since every model has the
	same problems with distinct data sets and other data sets can be
	simulated quite good with each model. Interestingly, it can be stated
	that models with more parameters than others do not necessarily reproduce
	the real data better. The results of the validation process draw
	a similar picture. The produced errors in these cases are about 12
	to 30 %, sometimes up to 40 or 60%, which is of course much bigger
	than in the simple calibration cases. All in all the results after
	the calibration agree with some results that have been obtained before.
	But the results of the validation are in parts very bad which probably
	calls for the development of much better models. The other way to
	interpret the results is that ? from this microscopic point of view
	? errors of about 12-30 % can probably not be suppressed no matter
	what a model is used. This would be due to the different behavior
	of each driver.},
	groups = {calibration&validation, TS, assigned2groups},
	journal = {Traffic and Granular Flow '03},
	keywords = {calibration, validation, models, traffic flow models, microscopic, DLR/TS/VM, model calibration},
	owner = {dkrajzew},
	timestamp = {2011.09.30},
	url = {http://elib.dlr.de/6653/}
}


Copy

Microscopic simulation models are becoming increasingly important tools in modeling transport systems. There are a large number of available models used in many countries. The most difficult stage in the development and use of such models is the calibration and validation of the microscopic sub-models describing the traffic flow, such as the car following, lane changing and gap acceptance models. This difficulty is due to the lack of suitable methods for adapting models to empirical data. The aim of this paper is to present recent progress in calibrating a number of microscopic traffic flow models. By calibrating and validating various models using the same data sets, the models are directly comparable to each other. This sets the basis for a transparent benchmarking of those models. Furthermore, the advantages and disadvantages of each model can be analyzed better to develop a more realistic behavior of the simulated vehicles. In this work various microscopic traffic flow models have been tested from a very microscopic point of view concerning the car-following behavior and gap-acceptance. The data used for calibration and validation is from car-following experiments performed in Japan in October 2001. The data have been collected by letting nine DGPS-equipped cars follow a lead car driving along a 3 km test track for about 15-30 minutes. So one gets the positions and speeds of each car in time intervals of 0.1 seconds. The experiment was repeated eight times letting the leading driver perform various driving patterns as there are constant speeds of 20, 40, 60 and 80 km/h for some time, driving in waves and emulating many accelerations/decelerations as they are typical at intersections. To minimize driver-dependent correlations between the data sets, the drivers were exchanged between the cars regularly after each experiment. In this paper we present analyses concerning four of the experiments, namely the patterns mostly with intervals of constant speeds and wave-performing. For each of the four experiments one gets the ten trajectories of the cars in form of the DGPS-positions and speeds. From these the accelerations and distances/gaps between the cars have been calculated, which are used then for the simulation runs.
The study was done analyzing the time-development of the gaps between the cars. For the simulation setup only two cars are considered at a time. The leading car is updated as the speeds in the recorded data sets tell and the following car is updated as defined by the equations and rules of the used model, respectively. The absolute error a model produces is calculated via the simple quadratic distance between the recorded gaps and the simulated gaps. To get a percentage error it is additionally related to the mean average gap in each data set. Altogether 36 vehicle pairs (4 experiments * 9 vehicle pairs) were used as data sets for the analyses. Each model has been calibrated with each of the 36 different constellations separately gaining optimal parameter sets for each ?model - data set? combination. To find the optimal parameter constellations a gradient-free optimization method was used and started several times with different initialization values for each ?model - data set? pair. The variation in initialization is done to avoid sticking with a local minimum, which of course can occur because getting a global minimum can not be guaranteed by those type of optimization algorithms. Subsequently, the validation was performed by determining the error of a given model on all the data sets which have not been used to calibrate the model. By now, ten microscopic models of a very different kind using 3 to 14 parameters have been tested. The most basic parameters used by the models are the car length, a maximum velocity, an acceleration and mostly a deceleration rate. The acceleration and deceleration rates are specified in more detail in some models depending on the recent speed or traffic states (indicated by density for example). Furthermore, some models use a parameter for random braking or another kind of stochastic parameter describing individual driver behavior. Finally, few models use much more parameters to describe the driver?s behavior, which will be briefly described in the final paper. As the time step for the models is 0.1 seconds according to the recorded data, some models with a traditional time step of 1 second ? as for example used for simple cellular automatons - have been modified to adopt for an arbitrarily small time-step. So far the models tested are as follows (more will be added): - CA (cellular automaton model by K. Nagel, M. Schreckenberg), - SK-model (model by S. Krauss), - OVM (?Optimal Velocity Model?, Bando, Hasebe), - IDM (?Intelligent Driver Model?, Helbing), - IDMM (?Intelligent Driver Model with Memory?, Helbing, Treiber), - CATauT (CA model with more variable acceleration and deceleration, own development), - GIPPSLIKE (basic model by P.G. Gipps), - Aerde (model used in the simulation package INTEGRATION), - FRITZSCHE (model used in the british software PARAMICS; it is similar to what is used in the german software VISSIM by PTV), - MitSim (model by Yang, Koutsopulus, used in the software MitSim). The error rates of the models in comparison to the data sets during the calibration for each model reach from 9 to 24 %. But no model appears to be significantly the best one since every model has the same problems with distinct data sets and other data sets can be simulated quite good with each model. Interestingly, it can be stated that models with more parameters than others do not necessarily reproduce the real data better. The results of the validation process draw a similar picture. The produced errors in these cases are about 12 to 30 %, sometimes up to 40 or 60%, which is of course much bigger than in the simple calibration cases. All in all the results after the calibration agree with some results that have been obtained before. But the results of the validation are in parts very bad which probably calls for the development of much better models. The other way to interpret the results is that ? from this microscopic point of view ? errors of about 12-30 % can probably not be suppressed no matter what a model is used. This would be due to the different behavior of each driver.

@inproceedings{Krajzewicz2003c,
	author = {Daniel Krajzewicz},
	booktitle = {ECTRI 2003 - Young Researcher Seminar},
	title = {A Cognitive Driver Model},
	year = {2003},
	abstract = {many different approaches to understand the process of driving a car
	exist, we try to simulate it within this project. This methodology
	fits wll into our institute?s work where traffic simulations play
	an important role. We not only hope to gain some information about
	the most concerned topics on driver related problems - issues on
	ergonomics and traffic security - but also some knowledge about traffic
	itself. We hope this knowledge will help us to improve microscopic
	traffic models used for large area simulations. Herein, som basic
	concepts the model incorporates and the main problems during the
	research and implementation are described.},
	file = {:http\://elib.dlr.de/6718/1/YRS2003_dkrajzew_mod.pdf:URL},
	groups = {mentioned, ACMEDriver, submicro, TS, assigned2groups},
	journal = {ECTRI Report 2003-03},
	keywords = {simulation, cognitive car driver model},
	owner = {Daniel},
	timestamp = {2011.12.02},
	url = {http://elib.dlr.de/6718/}
}


Copy

many different approaches to understand the process of driving a car exist, we try to simulate it within this project. This methodology fits wll into our institute?s work where traffic simulations play an important role. We not only hope to gain some information about the most concerned topics on driver related problems - issues on ergonomics and traffic security - but also some knowledge about traffic itself. We hope this knowledge will help us to improve microscopic traffic models used for large area simulations. Herein, som basic concepts the model incorporates and the main problems during the research and implementation are described.

@inproceedings{Krajzewicz2003b,
	author = {Daniel Krajzewicz and Markus Hartinger and Georg Hertkorn and Peter Mieth and Christian R\"ossel and Julia Zimmer and Peter Wagner},
	booktitle = {Traffic and Granular Flow (TGF)},
	title = {Using the Road Traffic Simulation ``SUMO'' for educational Purposes},
	year = {2003},
	note = {LIDO-Berichtsjahr=2004},
	abstract = {Since the year 2000, the Centre of Apllied Informatics and the Institute
	f?r Transport Research at the German Aerospace Centre devops a microscopic
	road traffic simulation package named "SUMO" - an acronym
	for "Simulation of Urban MObility". Meanwhile, the simulation
	is capable to deal with realistic scenarios such as large cities
	and is used for these purposes within the Institute?s projects. The
	idea was to support the traffic research community with a common
	platform to test new ideas and models without the need to reimplement
	a framework that handles road data, vehicle routes, traffic light
	steering etc. To achieve this goal, the simulation code is available
	as open source. Within this publication, we would like to demonstrate
	how most attributes of traffic flow can be simulated. This should
	be mainly intersting for educational purposes.},
	file = {:http\://elib.dlr.de/6719/1/dkrajzew_TGF03Poster_SUMOEducation.pdf:URL},
	groups = {used, presentation, assignment, car-following, calibration&validation, TS, assigned2groups},
	keywords = {traffic simulation, road traffic, car following, microscopic, continous, multimodal, open source, car-driver model, traffic research, education},
	owner = {Daniel},
	timestamp = {2011.12.02},
	url = {http://elib.dlr.de/6719/}
}


Copy

Since the year 2000, the Centre of Apllied Informatics and the Institute f?r Transport Research at the German Aerospace Centre devops a microscopic road traffic simulation package named "SUMO" - an acronym for "Simulation of Urban MObility". Meanwhile, the simulation is capable to deal with realistic scenarios such as large cities and is used for these purposes within the Institute?s projects. The idea was to support the traffic research community with a common platform to test new ideas and models without the need to reimplement a framework that handles road data, vehicle routes, traffic light steering etc. To achieve this goal, the simulation code is available as open source. Within this publication, we would like to demonstrate how most attributes of traffic flow can be simulated. This should be mainly intersting for educational purposes.

@inproceedings{Krajzewicz2003a,
	author = {Daniel Krajzewicz and Markus Hartinger and Georg Hertkorn and Peter Mieth and Julia Ringel and Christian R\"ossel and Peter Wagner},
	booktitle = {2003 European Simulation and Modelling Conference},
	title = {The "Simulation of Urban MObility" package: An open source traffic simulation},
	year = {2003},
	abstract = {SUMO is the acronym for "Simulation of Urban MObility", an open source
	project concerned with the development and usage of a traffic simulation.
	The project is a part of our scientific work concerned with the verification
	of different microscopic models of traffic, and their comparison
	([1]). Further, the traffic science community often involves ideas
	where each of them needs a traffic simulation to be validated. Over
	the time, many more or less sophisticated simulations have been developed
	to do this job. They mostly stay unknown. This approach is not only
	very inefficient as a traffic simulation has many things to regard;
	also, the results are often not replicable or at least hard to compare.
	When a common platform is supplied, such problems should not occur.
	Within this publication, we would like to introduce our package to
	the public in the hope to gain some further interest.},
	groups = {presentation, simulation packages, TS, assigned2groups},
	journal = {Proceedings of the 2003 European Simulation and Modelling Conference},
	keywords = {traffic simulation, road traffic, open source, car-driver model, traffic research},
	owner = {Daniel},
	timestamp = {2011.12.02},
	url = {http://elib.dlr.de/21385/}
}


Copy

SUMO is the acronym for "Simulation of Urban MObility", an open source project concerned with the development and usage of a traffic simulation. The project is a part of our scientific work concerned with the verification of different microscopic models of traffic, and their comparison ([1]). Further, the traffic science community often involves ideas where each of them needs a traffic simulation to be validated. Over the time, many more or less sophisticated simulations have been developed to do this job. They mostly stay unknown. This approach is not only very inefficient as a traffic simulation has many things to regard; also, the results are often not replicable or at least hard to compare. When a common platform is supplied, such problems should not occur. Within this publication, we would like to introduce our package to the public in the hope to gain some further interest.

@inproceedings{Krajzewicz2003,
	author = {Daniel Krajzewicz and Peter Wagner},
	booktitle = {Modellierung und Simulation menschlichen Verhaltens},
	title = {Gestalten, Archetypen, Symbole und Signale: Herausforderungen an und Vorteile f\"ur die Modellierung},
	year = {2003},
	editor = {H.-D. Burkhard and T. Uthmann and G. Lindemann},
	note = {LIDO-Berichtsjahr=2004, monograph\verb1_1id=Nr. 163},
	number = {163},
	pages = {54--67},
	publisher = {TU-Berlin},
	series = {Informatik-Bericht},
	abstract = {Die im Titel genannten, komplexen und abstrakten Gebilde der Psychologie
	wurden bislang selten modelliert und formal beschrieben. Unter Betrachtung
	des Themengebietes eines unserer Projekte - der Modellierung eines
	kognitiven Modells des Autofahrers - m?chten wir hier eine kurze
	?bersicht ?ber unsere Idee zu diesen Themen geben, Probleme aufdecken
	und einige Potentiale f?r die Modellierung der Kognition aufzeigen,
	die einen einfachen Umgang mit diesen Strukturen erm?glichen und
	sich tlw. positiv auf die Ausf?hrungsgeschwindigkeiten von Simulationen
	auswirken. Zus?tzlich zeigen wir Modelle, die in unsere Arbeit aufgrund
	ihrer hohen Ressourcenbeanspruchung, bedingt durch eine konnektionistischen
	Herangehensweise, nicht direkt einflie?en k?nnen.},
	groups = {mentioned, ACMEDriver, submicro, TS, assigned2groups},
	journal = {Modellierung und Simulation menschlichen Verhaltens},
	keywords = {Fahrermodellierung, Kognition, Wahrnehmung, Simulation},
	owner = {Daniel},
	timestamp = {2011.12.02},
	url = {http://elib.dlr.de/6659/}
}


Copy

Die im Titel genannten, komplexen und abstrakten Gebilde der Psychologie wurden bislang selten modelliert und formal beschrieben. Unter Betrachtung des Themengebietes eines unserer Projekte - der Modellierung eines kognitiven Modells des Autofahrers - m?chten wir hier eine kurze ?bersicht ?ber unsere Idee zu diesen Themen geben, Probleme aufdecken und einige Potentiale f?r die Modellierung der Kognition aufzeigen, die einen einfachen Umgang mit diesen Strukturen erm?glichen und sich tlw. positiv auf die Ausf?hrungsgeschwindigkeiten von Simulationen auswirken. Zus?tzlich zeigen wir Modelle, die in unsere Arbeit aufgrund ihrer hohen Ressourcenbeanspruchung, bedingt durch eine konnektionistischen Herangehensweise, nicht direkt einflie?en k?nnen.

@inproceedings{Brockfeld2002a,
	author = {Elmar Brockfeld and Reinhart K\"uhne and Peter Wagner},
	booktitle = {Networks for Mobility, International Symposium},
	title = {Towards Benchmarking Microscopic Traffic Flow Models},
	year = {2002},
	note = {LIDO-Berichtsjahr=2003,},
	pages = {321--331},
	volume = {I},
	groups = {calibration&validation, TS, assigned2groups},
	journal = {Proceedings of Networks for Mobility},
	keywords = {microscopic simulation, benchmarking, traffic flow models, DLR/TS/VM, model calibration},
	owner = {dkrajzew},
	timestamp = {2011.09.30},
	url = {http://elib.dlr.de/6506/}
}


Copy

@inproceedings{Brockfeld2002,
	author = {Elmar Brockfeld and Peter Wagner},
	booktitle = {Computional Physics Conference},
	title = {Testing traffic flow models},
	year = {2002},
	note = {LIDO-Berichtsjahr=2003,},
	groups = {calibration&validation, TS, assigned2groups},
	journal = {Proceedings of the Computional Physics Conference},
	keywords = {DLR/TS/VM, model calibration},
	owner = {dkrajzew},
	timestamp = {2011.09.30},
	url = {http://elib.dlr.de/6505/}
}


Copy

@inproceedings{Krajzewicz2002a,
	author = {Daniel Krajzewicz and Georg Hertkorn and C. R\"ossel and Peter Wagner},
	booktitle = {4th Middle East Symposium on Simulation and Modelling},
	title = {SUMO (Simulation of Urban MObility) - an open-source traffic simulation},
	year = {2002},
	editor = {A. Al-Akaidi},
	note = {LIDO-Berichtsjahr=2004,},
	pages = {183--187},
	abstract = {As no exact model of traffic flow exists due to its high complexity
	and chaotic organisation, researchers mainly try to predict traffic
	using simulations. Within this field, many simulation packages exist
	and differ in their software architecture paradigm as well as in
	the models that describe traffic itself. We will introduce yet another
	system which, in contrast to most of the other simulation software
	packages, is available as on open-source programm and may therfore
	be extended in order to fit a researcher?s own needs and also be
	used as a reference testbed for new traffic models.},
	groups = {presentation, simulation packages, TS, assigned2groups},
	journal = {Proceedings of the 4th Middle East Symposium on Simulation and Modelling (MESM20002)},
	keywords = {traffic simulation, microscopic, continous, multimodal, open source, car-driver model, traffic research, road traffic},
	owner = {Daniel},
	timestamp = {2011.12.02},
	url = {http://elib.dlr.de/6661/}
}


Copy

As no exact model of traffic flow exists due to its high complexity and chaotic organisation, researchers mainly try to predict traffic using simulations. Within this field, many simulation packages exist and differ in their software architecture paradigm as well as in the models that describe traffic itself. We will introduce yet another system which, in contrast to most of the other simulation software packages, is available as on open-source programm and may therfore be extended in order to fit a researcher?s own needs and also be used as a reference testbed for new traffic models.

@inproceedings{Krajzewicz2002b,
	author = {Daniel Krajzewicz and Georg Hertkorn and C. R\"ossel and Peter Wagner},
	booktitle = {14th European Simulation Symposium},
	title = {An Example of Microscopic Car Models Validation using the open source Traffic Simulation SUMO},
	year = {2002},
	note = {LIDO-Berichtsjahr=2004,},
	pages = {318--322},
	series = {SCS European Publishing House},
	volume = {Jahrgang 2002},
	abstract = {In SUMO (Simulation of Urban MObility; An open-source traffic simulation)
	we presented an open source simulation software for road traffic
	simulation. Now we show one possible field of application, the validation
	of microscopic car/car-driver models. Our motivation is to awake
	the interest in using and extending the software, so this report
	will describe the software?s usability but will not go into depth
	in interpreting the results.},
	groups = {used, calibration&validation, TS, assigned2groups},
	journal = {Proceedings of Simulation in Industry, 14th European Simulation Symposium},
	keywords = {traffic simulation, road traffic, car following, model validation, microscopic, continuous, multimodal, open source, car-driver-model, traffic research, validation, calibration},
	owner = {Daniel},
	timestamp = {2011.12.02},
	url = {http://elib.dlr.de/6657/}
}


Copy

In SUMO (Simulation of Urban MObility; An open-source traffic simulation) we presented an open source simulation software for road traffic simulation. Now we show one possible field of application, the validation of microscopic car/car-driver models. Our motivation is to awake the interest in using and extending the software, so this report will describe the software?s usability but will not go into depth in interpreting the results.

@inproceedings{Krajzewicz2002,
	author = {Daniel Krajzewicz and Peter Wagner},
	booktitle = {16th Simulation Mulitconference "Modelling and Simulation 2002"},
	title = {ACME (A Common Mental Environment)-Driver - A Cognitive Car Driver Model},
	year = {2002},
	editor = {Krzysztof Amborski and Hermann Meuth},
	note = {LIDO-Berichtsjahr=2004,},
	pages = {689--693},
	abstract = {When working on large-scale traffic observation projects very often
	simulations and therefore, models of the behavior of the molecular
	simulation elements (the car-driver-units) are needed. Most of the
	models for traffic simulations are based on approximations of statistical
	real-world data. While fast in computation, they sometimes fail to
	show real-world phenomena. Our project uses a different approach.
	We try to model a human driver?s behaviour by modelling her or his
	cognitive information processing in a simulated environment. While
	several papers about experiments concerning single phenomena exist,
	this approach is meant to describe the wohle information processing
	of a driver on a high abstraction level. This paper will show some
	topics of interest for a human cognition model. Possible applications
	are listed, too.},
	groups = {mentioned, ACMEDriver, submicro, TS, assigned2groups},
	journal = {Proceedings of the 16th Simulation Multiconference "Modelling and Simulation 2002"},
	keywords = {cognitive modelling, artificial interlligence, psychology, simulation, traffic simulation, short term memory, reception},
	owner = {Daniel},
	timestamp = {2011.12.02},
	url = {http://elib.dlr.de/6658/}
}


Copy

When working on large-scale traffic observation projects very often simulations and therefore, models of the behavior of the molecular simulation elements (the car-driver-units) are needed. Most of the models for traffic simulations are based on approximations of statistical real-world data. While fast in computation, they sometimes fail to show real-world phenomena. Our project uses a different approach. We try to model a human driver?s behaviour by modelling her or his cognitive information processing in a simulated environment. While several papers about experiments concerning single phenomena exist, this approach is meant to describe the wohle information processing of a driver on a high abstraction level. This paper will show some topics of interest for a human cognition model. Possible applications are listed, too.

@article{Barlovic2001,
	author = {R. Barlovic and Elmar Brockfeld and A. Schadschneider and M. Schreckenberg},
	journal = {Physical Review E},
	title = {Optimizing traffic lights in a cellular automaton model for city traffic},
	year = {2001},
	month = {Oct},
	note = {LIDO-Berichtsjahr=2003,},
	number = {64, 056132},
	pages = {056132},
	volume = {64},
	abstract = {We study the impact of global traffic light control strategies in
	a recently proposed cellular automaton model for vehicular traffic
	in city networks. The model combines basic ideas of the Biham-Middleton-Levine
	model for city traffic and the Nagel-Schreckenberg model for highway
	traffic. The city network has a simple square lattice geometry. All
	streets and intersections are treated equally, i.e., there are no
	dominant streets. Starting from a simple synchronized strategy, we
	show that the capacity of the network strongly depends on the cycle
	times of the traffic lights. Moreover, we point out that the optimal
	time periods are determined by the geometric characteristics of the
	network, i.e., the distance between the intersections. In the case
	of synchronized traffic lights, the derivation of the optimal cycle
	times in the network can be reduced to a simpler problem, the flow
	optimization of a single street with one traffic light operating
	as a bottleneck. In order to obtain an enhanced throughput in the
	model, improved global strategies are tested, e.g., green wave and
	random switching strategies, which lead to surprising results.},
	doi = {10.1103/PhysRevE.64.056132},
	groups = {TLS, TS, assigned2groups},
	keywords = {DLR/TS/VM},
	owner = {dkrajzew},
	timestamp = {2011.09.30},
	url = {http://elib.dlr.de/6570/}
}


Copy

We study the impact of global traffic light control strategies in a recently proposed cellular automaton model for vehicular traffic in city networks. The model combines basic ideas of the Biham-Middleton-Levine model for city traffic and the Nagel-Schreckenberg model for highway traffic. The city network has a simple square lattice geometry. All streets and intersections are treated equally, i.e., there are no dominant streets. Starting from a simple synchronized strategy, we show that the capacity of the network strongly depends on the cycle times of the traffic lights. Moreover, we point out that the optimal time periods are determined by the geometric characteristics of the network, i.e., the distance between the intersections. In the case of synchronized traffic lights, the derivation of the optimal cycle times in the network can be reduced to a simpler problem, the flow optimization of a single street with one traffic light operating as a bottleneck. In order to obtain an enhanced throughput in the model, improved global strategies are tested, e.g., green wave and random switching strategies, which lead to surprising results.

@inproceedings{Figueiredo2001,
	author = {Figueiredo, L. and Jesus, I. and Machado, J.A.T. and Ferreira, J.R. and Martins de Carvalho, J.L.},
	booktitle = {Intelligent Transportation Systems, 2001. Proceedings. 2001 IEEE},
	title = {Towards the development of intelligent transportation systems},
	year = {2001},
	pages = {1206 -1211},
	abstract = {This paper presents a review of the state of the art on intelligent
	transportation systems. ITS involves a large number of research areas
	and, therefore, this paper focus on those we believe to be the most
	relevant. The main purpose is to study the achievements attained
	in the last years and to give an overview of possible directions
	towards future research},
	doi = {10.1109/ITSC.2001.948835},
	groups = {V2X, ITS, assigned2groups, dkrajzew:6},
	keywords = {intelligent transportation system development;automated highways;reviews;},
	owner = {dkrajzew},
	timestamp = {2012.01.26}
}


Copy

This paper presents a review of the state of the art on intelligent transportation systems. ITS involves a large number of research areas and, therefore, this paper focus on those we believe to be the most relevant. The main purpose is to study the achievements attained in the last years and to give an overview of possible directions towards future research

@article{Chowdhury2000,
	author = {Debashish Chowdhury and Ludger Santen and Andreas Schadschneider},
	title = {Statistical physics of vehicular traffic and some related systems},
	journal = {Physics Reports},
	year = {2000},
	volume = {329},
	pages = {199 - 329},
	number = {4-6},
	doi = {10.1016/S0370-1573(99)00117-9},
	issn = {0370-1573},
	keywords = {Cellular automata, Models},
	owner = {dkrajzew},
	timestamp = {2011.09.19},
	url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/0007053}
}


Copy

@article{Treiber2000,
	author = {Martin Treiber and Ansgar Hennecke and Dirk Helbing},
	journal = {PHYSICAL REVIEW E},
	title = {Congested Traffic States in Empirical Observations and Microscopic Simulations},
	year = {2000},
	pages = {1805},
	volume = {62},
	file = {:http\://arxiv.org/pdf/cond-mat/0002177v2.pdf:URL},
	groups = {GLOSA, assigned2groups, documentAssigned, dkrajzew:6},
	owner = {dkrajzew},
	timestamp = {2012.01.26},
	url = {doi:10.1103/PhysRevE.62.1805}
}


Copy

@inproceedings{Widodo2000,
	author = {Widodo, S. and Hasegawa, T. and Tsugawa, S.},
	booktitle = {Intelligent Vehicles Symposium, 2000. IV 2000. Proceedings of the IEEE},
	title = {Vehicle fuel consumption and emission estimation in environment-adaptive driving with or without inter-vehicle communications},
	year = {2000},
	pages = {382 -386},
	abstract = {In this paper, the vehicle fuel consumption and emission rates of
	environment-adaptive driving with or without inter-vehicle communications
	are estimated using an autonomous running traffic flow simulator.
	In this study, a microscopic fuel consumption and emission model
	is used. Simulation results show that environment-adaptive driving
	can reduce both of the average fuel consumption and vehicle emission.
	It also shows that inter-vehicle communications can improve these
	impacts under high vehicle densities and long traffic light cycle
	times},
	doi = {10.1109/IVS.2000.898373},
	groups = {GLOSA, assigned2groups, dkrajzew:6},
	keywords = {autonomous running traffic flow simulator;environment-adaptive driving;high vehicle densities;inter-vehicle communications;long traffic light cycle times;microscopic model;vehicle emission estimation;vehicle fuel consumption estimation;air pollution;automated highways;environmental factors;mobile communication;road vehicles;},
	owner = {dkrajzew},
	timestamp = {2012.01.26}
}


Copy

In this paper, the vehicle fuel consumption and emission rates of environment-adaptive driving with or without inter-vehicle communications are estimated using an autonomous running traffic flow simulator. In this study, a microscopic fuel consumption and emission model is used. Simulation results show that environment-adaptive driving can reduce both of the average fuel consumption and vehicle emission. It also shows that inter-vehicle communications can improve these impacts under high vehicle densities and long traffic light cycle times

@phdthesis{Gawron1999,
	author = {Gawron, Christian},
	school = {Universit\"{a}t zu K\"{o}ln},
	title = {Simulation-Based Traffic Assignment -- Computing User Equilibria in Large Street Networks},
	year = {1999},
	citeulike-article-id = {8937803},
	file = {:https\://sumo.dlr.de/pdf/GawronDiss.pdf:URL},
	groups = {assignment, Universit\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\"at zu K\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\"oln, assigned2groups},
	institution = {Informatik, Universit\"{a}t zu K\"{o}ln},
	keywords = {equilibrium, learning, simulation, sumo, Assignment, ZAIK},
	number = {366},
	owner = {dkrajzew},
	pages = {113},
	posted-at = {2011-03-04 07:57:16},
	priority = {2},
	timestamp = {2011.09.19}
}


Copy

@article{Smilowitz1999,
	author = {Karen R. Smilowitz and Karen R. Smilowitz and Carlos F. Daganzo and
	Carlos F. Daganzo and Michael J. Cassidy and Michael J. Cassidy and
	Robert L. Bertini and Robert L. Bertini},
	title = {Some Observations of Highway Traffic in Long Queues},
	journal = {Transportation Research Records},
	year = {1999},
	volume = {1678},
	pages = {225-233},
	keywords = {real-world data, model calibration},
	owner = {dkrajzew},
	timestamp = {2011.09.30}
}


Copy

@phdthesis{Krauss1998,
	author = {Stefan Krau�},
	school = {Universit\"{a}t zu K\"{o}ln},
	title = {Microscopic Modeling of Traffic Flow: Investigation of Collision Free Vehicle Dynamics},
	year = {1998},
	file = {:https\://sumo.dlr.de/pdf/KraussDiss.pdf:URL},
	groups = {car-following, Universit\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\"at zu K\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\"oln, assigned2groups},
	institution = {Mathematisches Institut, Universit\"at zu K\"oln},
	keywords = {highway traffic, interacting random processes, statistical mechanics type modells, statistical processes; 60K30, 60K35, 90B20, Models, ZAIK},
	number = {319},
	owner = {dkrajzew},
	pages = {116},
	timestamp = {2011.09.19}
}


Copy

@article{Krauss1997,
	author = {Krauss, S. and Wagner, P. and Gawron, C.},
	journal = {Phys. Rev. E},
	title = {Metastable states in a microscopic model of traffic flow},
	year = {1997},
	month = {May},
	pages = {5597--5602},
	volume = {55},
	doi = {10.1103/PhysRevE.55.5597},
	file = {:https\://sumo.dlr.de/pdf/sk.pdf:URL},
	groups = {car-following, TS, Universit\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\"at zu K\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\"oln, assigned2groups},
	issue = {5},
	keywords = {Models, ZAIK},
	owner = {dkrajzew},
	publisher = {American Physical Society},
	timestamp = {2011.09.19},
	url = {http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevE.55.5597}
}


Copy